Biological treatment classification

Processes and/or unit operations that fall under this classification include adsorption, ion exchange, stripping, chemical oxidation, and membrane separations. All of these are more expensive than biological treatment but are used for removal of pollutants that are not easily removed by biomass. Often these are utilized in series with biologic treatment but sometimes they are used as stand-alone processes. 

From the coefficient values, a generalisation can be proposed for the classification of wastewater (Fig. 32). This classification is based both on the value of the sum of the coefficients, excluding the fourth one corresponding to nitrate, and on the magnitude of the first (TSS) and fourth (nitrate) coefficients. This method can be applied in order to show the presence of anthropogenic organic compounds in natural water or to check the efficiency of a chemical or biological treatment. 

Joss A, Zabczynsk S, Gobel A, Hoffinann B, Loffler D, McArdell CS, Temes TA, Thomsen A, Siegrist H (2006) Biological degradation of pharmaceuticals in municipal wastewater treatment proposing a classification scheme. Water Res 40 1686—1696... 

This chapter considers the classification, nomenclature, primary structure, and chemical and physical properties of the individual protein as they occur in the milk from the genus Bos. While some studies have been done of the proteins of the milk of other mammals, bovine milk, due to its commercial importance, has been most extensively investigated. A more comprehensive treatment of the subject is in the two-volume treatise on the chemistry and molecular biology of the milk proteins edited by McKenzie (1970, 1971A). Other reviews are Whitney (1977), Brunner (1981), and Swaisgood (1982). 

A bioreactor is a vessel in which biochemical transformation of reactants occurs by the action of biological agents such as organisms or in vitro cellular components such as enzymes. This type of reactor is widely used in food and fermentation industries, in waste treatment, and in many biomedical facilities. There are two broad categories of bioreactors fermentation and enzyme (cell-free) reactors. Depending on the process requirements (aerobic, anaerobic, solid state, immobilized), numerous subdivisions of this classification are possible (Moo-Young, 1986). 

In part two of this book we address in some detail the biological etiology and differential diagnosis of major clinical syndromes. In our approach to diagnosis, we incorporate some DSM-IV criteria. However, at times alternative classifications and criteria are employed. Our aim is to provide a useful and clinically relevant approach that will help the therapist in decision making, particularly with regard to referral issues and medication treatments. 

It is not easy to define the borderline between chemistry and other sciences. This borderline is often indefinite and indistinct. In general, the policy is to abstract a paper in case of doubt as to its chemical nature. In particular, it is difiicult to draw a line between the various branches of biology and chemistry. In this effort the abstractors and editors are guided by a six-page statement entitled Biochemical Borderline and the Classification of Biochemical Abstracts in Chemical Abstracts Copies of this will be sent to interested CA users on request. Clinical papers involving the use of chemical compounds in the treatment of disease, but with no chemical results reported, are counted as being outside of our chemical field. 

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