Biological concepts viruses

When a virus multiplies, the genome becomes released from the coat. This process occurs during the infection process. The present chapter is divided into three parts. The first part deals with basic concepts of virus structure and function. The second part deals with the nature and manner of multiplication of the bacterial viruses (bacteriophages). In this part we introduce the basic molecular biology of virus multiplication. The third part deals with important groups of animal viruses, with emphasis on molecular aspects of animal virus multiplication. 

Putting aside such considerations, the reader is encouraged to examine the sections of Klug s Nobel Lecture 1W) dealing with the structure and the growth of Tobacco Mosaic Virus to see how helical structures and concepts of inclusion phenomena can relate to molecular biology. 

Viruses are classified initially on the basis of the hosts they infect. Thus we have animal viruses, plant viruses, and bacterial viruses. Bacterial viruses, sometimes called bacteriophages (or phage for short, from the Greek phago meaning to eat), have been studied primarily as convenient model systems for research on the molecular biology and genetics of virus reproduction. Many of the basic concepts of... 

Many biologically active compounds contain cyclic ureas, including inhibitors of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) protease and HIV replication [70]. Kim et al. [71] presented an illustration of the synthesis of oligomeric cyclic ureas as nonnatural biopolymers. Applying the libraries from libraries [72] concept, triamines [65] such as those described earlier were used as templates for the generation of different heterocyclic compounds such as cyclic ureas, cyclic thioureas, and bicyclic guanidines [65]. The cyclizations to obtain the five-membered ring cyclic ureas and cyclic thioureas were... 

The term molecular mimicry (34), is difficult to define, in part, because it does not represent a single concept (35,36). In this review, we use the term in the sense of adaptive molecular mimicry as proposed by Roger Hall in 1994 (37). According to Hall, adaptive molecular mimicry means that a parasite (bacteria, fungi, virus, helminth, protozoa) molecule mimics a host molecule for a biological reason, and the homologous functional structure resides in a parasite molecule which is otherwise dissimilar to... 

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