Biogenic chromatography

Figure 7. Separation of eight biogenic amines using ion pair partition liquid chromatography. Conditions 30 cm column with 4 fim silica stationary phase, 0.1M HClO /0.9M NaClO mobile phase, ethylacetate/tributyl phosphate/hexane (72.5/10/17.5) velocity, 0.8 cm/sec (47).

Hoekstra, J. C. and Johnson, D. C., Comparison of potential-time waveforms for the detection of biogenic amines in complex mixtures following their separation by liquid chromatography, Anal. Chem., 70, 83, 1998. 

Sadain, S. K. and Koropchak, J. A., Condensation nucleation light scattering detection for biogenic amines separated by ion-exchange chromatography, /. Chromatogr. A, 844, 111, 1999. 

Gas chromatography has been used to distinguish between fossil fuels added to sediments through oil pollution and those hydrocarbons present in low concentrations as natural biogenic products (Blumer and Sass [11], Farrington and Quinn [12]). 

Baker GB, Coutts RT, Holt A. 1994. Derivatization with acetic anhydride applications to the analysis of biogenic amines and psychiatric drugs by gas chromatography and mass spectrometry. J Pharmacol Toxicol Methods 31 141. 

Song Y, Quan Z, Evans JL, Byrd EA, Liu YM. 2004. Enhancing capillary liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry of biogenic amines by pre-column derivatization with 7-fLuoro-4-nitrobenzoxadiazole. Rapid Commun Mass Spectrom 18 989. 

Oguri, S., Maeda, Y., and Mizusawa, A. (2004). On-column derivatization-capillary electro-chromatography with o-phthalaldehyde/alkylthiol for assay of biogenic amines. /. Chromatogr. A 1044, 271-276. 

Several analytical techniques including capillary electrophoresis, thin layer chromatography (TLC), GC, lEC, and HPLC, have been proposed for the determination of biogenic amines in various foods. Among these, RP-HPLC is considered the most suitable one. HPLC methods used for amine determination usually involve two steps amine extraction from the matrix and analytical determination. Depending on the complexity of food matrix and the selectivity of the final analytical determination, a further purification step may be necessary prior to the analytical determination. To ensure adequate sensitivity, a derivatization step is generally required before injection [282]. 

Niederwieser A, Staudenmann W, Wetzel E (1984) High-performance liquid chromatography with column switching for the analysis of biogenic amine metabolites and pterins. J Chromatogr 290 237-246... 

I Krause, A Bockhardt, H Neckermann, T Henle, H Klostermeyer. Simultaneous determination of amino acids and biogenic amines by reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography of the dabsyl derivatives. J Chromatogr A 715 67-79, 1995. 

T Bauza, A Blaise, F Daumas, JC Cabanis. Determination of biogenic amines and their precursor amino acids in wines of the Vallee du Rhone by high-performance liquid chromatography with precolumn derivatization and fluorimetric detection. J Chromatogr A 707 373-379, 1995. 

The reaction of biogenic amines with DNS-C1 is analogous to that for amino acids (Section 4.2.1.1.1). Generally, primary and secondary amines react quantitatively in acetone-water systems containing sodium bicarbonate. The major differences from the analysis of amino acids are the absence of some side reactions reported for amino acids [97], the easier extraction of the amine derivatives from aqueous systems and the chromatography. BNS-C1 reacts with biogenic amines in a similar manner to DNS-C1 under the conditions described below. 

Antila, P., Antila, V., Mattila, J., and Hakkarainen, H. (1984). Biogenic amines in cheese. 1. Determination of biogenic amines in Finnish cheese using high performance liquid chromatography. Milchwissenschaft 39, 81-85. 

Thermoanalysis methods such as pyrolysis-gas chromatography-mass spectrometry [GC-MS] and thermogravimetry mass spectrometry have been used to characterise hydrocarbon sludges from petrochemical plants and polluted soils [26,27]. In combination with conventional extraction and supercritical fluid extraction followed by [ GC-MS ], over 100 constituents were identified in samples. White et al. [28] also applied pyrolysis-[GC-MS] to the determination of hydrocarbons and showed that the analysis can be complicated by the presence of natural organic matter. White [28] inferred the presence of biogenic compounds in Alaskan soil. 

Form of chromatography in which mobile solvent passes through a column packed with a non-polar solid phase. The organic molecules are then detected fluorimetrically or electrochemically. Commonly used to determine trace concentrations of biogenic amines. 

The zig-zag mixer was then used as a pre-column reactor to derivatize biogenic amines such as histamine and tyramine with o-phthaldialdehyde and to detect the corresponding products with micellar electro kinetic chromatography [150]. A separation of four amines, histamine, tyramine, putrescine and tryptamine, was demonstrated in that way. 

Ro, K. W., Lim, K., Hahn, J. H., PDMS Microchip for precolumn reaction and micellar electrokinetic chromatography of biogenic amines, in Ramsey, J. M., van den Berg, A. (Eds.), Micro Total Analysis Systems, Kluwer, Dordrecht,... 

Lange, J., Thomas, K., and Wittmann, C. (2002). Comparison of a capillary electrophoresis method with high-performance liquid chromatography for the determination of biogenic amines in various food samples. /. Chromatogr. B. 779, 229-239. 

Saccani, G., Tanzi, E., Pastore, P., Cavalli, S., and Rey, M. (2005). Determination of biogenic amines in fresh and processed meat by suppressed ion chromatography-mass spectrometry using a cation-exchange column. J. Chromatogr. A. 1082, 43-50. 

J. C. Hoekstra and D. C. Johnson, Comparison of Potential-Time Waveforms for the Detection of Biogenic Amines in Complex Mixtures Following Their Separation by Liquid Chromatography, Anal. Chem. 70, 83-88, (1998). 

Hlabangana, L., Hemandez-Cassou, S., and Saurina J. Determination of biogenic amines in wines by ion-pair liquid chromatography and post-column derivatization with... 

Lavizzari, T. et al. Improved method for determination of biogenic amines and polyamines in vegetable products by ion-pair high-performance liquid chromatography. J. Chromatogr. A. 2006, 1129, 67—72. 

Jung, M.C. et al. Simultaneous determination of biogenic monoamines in rat brain dialysates using capillary high-performance liquid chromatography with photoluminescence following electron transfer. Anal. Chem. 2006, 78, 1755-1760. 

Thin-Layer Chromatography (TLC) is a rapid and simple technique to detect several amines. This was one of the first techniques used to determine biogenic amines in foods (Halasz et al. 1994). Recently, a simple and rapid qualitative TLC method to determine the ability of bacteria to produce biogenic amines in liquid culture media containing the amino acid precursor was described by Garci a-Moruno et al. (2005). 

Constantini, A., Cersosimo, M., Del Prete, V. Garcta-Moruno, E. (2006). Production of biogenic amines by lactic acid bacteria screening by PCR, thin-layer chromatography, and high-performance liquid chromatography of strains isolated from wine and must. J. Food Prot., 69, 391-396. 

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