Biofuel nanoparticles

Methods to electrically wire redox proteins with electrodes by the reconstitution of apo-proteins on relay-cofactor units were discussed. Similarly, the application of conductive nanoelements, such as metallic nanoparticles or carbon nanotubes, provided an effective means to communicate the redox centers of proteins with electrodes, and to electrically activate their biocatalytic functions. These fundamental paradigms for the electrical contact of redox enzymes with electrodes were used to develop amperometric sensors and biofuel cells as bioelectronic devices. 

Kumar P, Robins A, ApSimon H (2010) Nanoparticle emissions from biofuelled vehicles -their characteristics and impact on the number-based regulation of atmospheric particles. Atmos Sci Lett 11 327-331... 

This area of research is also denoted as nanobiocatalysis. A range of possible ways to stabilize enzymes in these nanostructures has been developed. Figure 2.23 reports, as an example, a cartoon of the encapsulation of an enzyme inside a silica shell (single enzyme nanoparticles, SENs) [185], and its support over (i) conductive materials (carbon or oxide semiconductor nanofibers or nanotubes) to realize biosensors or electrodes for biofuel cells and (ii) mesoporous materials (e.g., SBA-15, or MCM-41) to develop robust biocatalysts for bioremediation or chemical applications. 

In this chapter we will focus on the most recent developments in the use of nanostructured materials such as nanoclays, carbon nanotubes and magnetic nanoparticles for enzyme immobilization and stabilization, together with their potential applications in various fields, such as development of biosensors and biofuel cells, biocatalytic processes, enzyme purification/separation, intracellular protein transportation etc. 

Nanoparticle-Based Enzymatic Biofuel Cells 3.3.1 Clay Nanoparticles... 

Another approach for designing biofuel cells is to combine the bioelectrocata-lytic properties of enzymes and light-harvesting nanomaterials such as metal oxide nanoparticles. Seeking for an efficient photoelectrolytic hydrogen production cell, hydrogenases were coupled to dye-sensitized titanium oxide nanoparticles. Two... 

Major Applications Organic light emitting diodes (OLEDs), nanoparticles, inks, wood preservatives,textiles, hair dyes, 2. 3 cosmetics, 4. 5 wound dressing materials, biofuel cells Safety/Toxicity Acute toxicity, carcinogenicity, genotoxicity, o toxicity to fish, mutagenicity . ... 

Laccase Magnetic mesoporous silica nanoparticles [MMSNPs Immobilized enzyme Kn, = 3.28 mM, Kcat = 155.4 mln" free enzyme Kn, = 1.26 mM, Kcat = 138.9 min" Oxidation of phenols, polyamines, lignin, and aryl diamines application in Bio-sensors, biofuels and waste water treatment [51]... 

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