Bioelectronic nose

Gopel, W., Chemical imaging I. Concepts and visions for electronic and bioelectronic noses, Sens. Actuators B 1998,52, 125-142. 

Tab. 1 Molecular hierarchy in the complexity of structures and functions, which may be used in the design of bioelectronic noses. The respective parts of the biological nose are given in italics...

Taking whole animals or at least complete sensory organs such as insect antenna comprises another relatively new trend, which was introduced by Rechnitz and coworkers in 1986 [31]. New experiments on potato beetles or their antenna show a sensitive response to broken green leaves [32], diseased potato tubers [33], or smouldering odorants [34]. These examples are nearest to a bioelectronic nose in its original sense. 

In the bioelectronic nose, the vials will isolate populations of neurons that display different odorant receptors on their membrane surfaces, so that the electrical signals coming from the various vials can be associated with particular molecular features. The lids will be used during the cell-loading process to ensure that only the desired vial receives a particular cell type. If these cells are very motile when cultured, as neurons tend to be, the lids will also be needed to prevent them from crawling out of the vials. Confinement by the lids is also anticipated to be necessary in other applications, such as those using nonadherent cells from the immune system. 

Wu, T.Z. (1999) A piezoelectric biosensor as an olfactory receptor for odour detection electronic nose. Biosens. Bioelectron. 14 9-18. 

D Amico A., Di Natale C., Macagnano A., Davide R, Mantini A., Tarizzo E., Paolesse R., and Boschi T., Technology and tools for mimicking olfaction Status of the Rome Tor Vergata Electronic Nose, Biosens. Bioelectron., 13, 711-721, 1998. 

Pavlou AK, Magan N, Mcnulty C, et at, 2002b. Use of an electronic nose system for diagnoses of urinary tract infections. Biosensors and Bioelectronics 17, 893-9. 

Fend, R., C. Bessant, A.J. Williams, and A.G. Woodman. 2004. Monitoring haemodialysis using electronic nose and chemometrics. Biosens Bioelectron 19 1581. 

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