Potatoes, diseases

In this market, it is sprayed up to ten times per season, at 7 to 14 day intervals, depending on the severity of the outbreak [166-169]. Despite this intensive use as a stand-alone product, there is no indication of resistance to fluazinam developing [62] and it is especially useful for the control of Phyto-phthora that has developed resistance to other fungicides [72]. It also has some effect against other potato diseases [170, 171]. 

Diphenylamine inhibits the development of scald disease during prolonged cold storage of apples and pears (42—45). It prolongs the fresh appearance of cut snapdragons (46), controls weather fleck in tobacco, inhibits algae formation, and shows growth inhibitory activity in potatoes (47). 

We observed the activation of chitin-specific PO during infection with the causative agents of a number of diseases in wheat under the influence of Btpolaris soroktntana and the elicitors (Fig. 4), Septoria nodorum (Yusupova et al, 2006) and Tilletia caries (Khairullin et al., 2000) in potato infected by Phytophthora infestans (Maksimov et al., 2011), and in Aegilops umbellulata infected by Septoria nodorum (Maksimov et al, 2006). 

Vitamin C occurs as L-ascorbic acid and dihydroascorbic acid in fruits, vegetables and potatoes, as well as in processed foods to which it has been added as an antioxidant. The only wholly undisputed function of vitamin C is the prevention of scurvy. Although this is the physiological rationale for the currently recommended intake levels, there is growing evidence that vitamin C may provide additional protective effects against other diseases including cancer, and the recommended dietary allowance (RDA) may be increased in the near future. Scurvy develops in adults whose habitual intake of vitamin C falls below 1 mg/d, and under experimental conditions 10 mg/d is sufficient to prevent or alleviate symptoms (Bartley et al., 1953). The RDA is 60 mg per day in the USA, but plasma levels of ascorbate do not achieve saturation until daily intakes reach around 100 mg (Bates et al., 1979). Most of the ascorbate in human diets is derived from natural sources, and consumers who eat five portions, or about 400-500 g, of fruits and vegetables per day could obtain as much as 200 mg of ascorbate. 

Two isolates of FORL (rj and r ) were provided by Dr. Tello (INIA, Madrid) from diseased tomato crops grown on the Spanish Mediterranean coast (11). Both isolates were maintained as stock cultures on potato-dextrose agar... 

At the moment, strategies for the production of transgenic plants are already used for maize, tobacco, potato, and rice. The main purpose is to increase their resistance toward diseases [63]. Some plants also get newly introduced products, such as vitamins [64]. Another purpose of transgenic plants is their use for production of vaccines for instance hepatitis B vaccine... 

Guidelines for the methods of sample collection of crop samples are detailed in the Codex Alimentarius, but generally in most instances crop samples should be representative of the crop being grown. As a general rule, the quantity of sample required is a minimum of 12 units or >1 kg of field sample, e.g., potato mbers, cabbages, etc. Samples selected should not be damaged or suffer from severe defects, disease symptoms, or other abnormalities. 

Mepronil is a systemic fungicide to control diseases caused by Basidiomycetes in cereals, rice, potatoes, vegetables, etc. 

The most serious disease problems encountered in organic crops are blight in potatoes and seedbome diseases in cereals. Plant breeders are improving blight resistance in potatoes. As organically grown cereal seed cannot be treated, it is very important that it is tested for seed-borne diseases such as fusarium and smut. Foliar diseases in organic... 

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