Biodegradable membranes

Particles from cationic lipids may also be useful for antisense therapy of skin disease — a nontoxic increase in the oligonucleotide uptake by cultivated keratinocytes and a sebocyte cell line has been reported [66]. Moreover, cationic dendri-mers also efficiently transfer reporter gene DNA to human keratinocytes cultivated in vitro. In the skin of hairless mice, in vivo transfection was possible with complexes, yet reporter gene expression was localized to perifollicular areas. Transfection, however, failed with the naked plasmid. For prolonged contact, biodegradable membranes coated with dendrimer/DNA complexes were used [67]. This hints at a follicular uptake of these complexes and indicates that gene transfection also may be possible with human skin, which has a thicker stratum comeum compared with mouse skin (eight to ten vs. two to three layers [58]). 

One interesting issue is the development of disposable systems (and disposable, single-use membranes). Disposable systems may become attractive for production processes, because they eliminate the need for development and validation of cleaning cycles. In this case, the development of biodegradable membranes will become an interesting opportunity. 

Soy protein-based green composites are not only applied as an environmental friendly material in the fields of adhesives (Kumar et al. 2002), plastics (Kumar et al. 2011), and textile fibers (Kobayashi et al. 2014), but also as biodegradable membranes (Mamthi et al. 2014). Furthermore, the nutritional and health benefits of soy protein draw attention to the application in the field of biomedical materials (Silva et al. 2014), such as tissue engineering scaffolds (Chien and Shah 2012),... 

Wang, H., Li, M., Hu, J., Wang, C., Xu, S., Han, C.C. Multiple targeted drugs carrying biodegradable membrane barrier anti-adhesion, hemostasis, and anti-infection. 

Xhierry, B., Merhi, Y., Silver, J., Xabrizian, M. Biodegradable membrane-covered stent from chitosan-based polymers. J. Biomed. Mater. Res. A 75(3), 556-566 (2005)... 

Thierry B, Merhi Y, Silver J et al (2005) Biodegradable membrane-covtaed stent fiom chitosan-based polymers. J Biomed Mater Res A 75 556-566... 

Magnusson, I., Stenberg, W. V., Batich, C., and Egelberg, J. (1990). Coimective tissue repair in circumferential periodontal defects in dogs following use of a biodegradable membrane. J. Clin Periodontol 17(4), 243. 

Membrane manufacturers require a standard test to maintain batch-to-batch quality. Few use proteins. Materials selected are ones for which the complications are minimized, the probe is simple, fast, and cheap to detecl , does not readily biodegrade, and gives results, whatever they are, which are reproducible. There is no standardization of these tests within the industry. 

Livingston, A.G., Freitas dos Santos, L.M., Extraction and Biodegradation of a Toxic Volatile Organic Compound (1,2 dichloroethane) from Wastewater in a Membrane Bioreactor, Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology, v.42, pp.421-431, 1994. 

The important attributes of liposomes as a drug carrier are (a) they are biologically inert and completely biodegradable (b) they pose no concerns of toxicity, antigenicity, or pyrogenicity, because phospholipids are natural components of all cell membranes (c) they can be prepared in various sizes, compositions, surface charges, and so forth, depending on the requirements of... 

A study of the degradation of a biodegradable composite periodontal membrane was the subject of investigations using both Raman and mid-IR... 

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