Ready Biodegradability

Ready biodegradability ready biodegradability, or readily biodegradable, is an arbitrary definition whereby a compound achieves a pass level in one of five named tests, either the OECD, Sturm, AFNOR, MITI or closed bottle . 

Aerobic biodegradation—Ready Biodegradability test (OPPTS 835.3110 OECD 301A-F) or Sealed Vessel C02 Production test (OPPTS 835.3120)... 

Consequently, it is generally accepted that the chemical nature of the hydrophilic group affects biodegradability to a minor extent and that the hydrophobic group is the responsible for a ready biodegradation. 

Stein and Baumann [14] studied the hydrolytic stability of MES and found the hydrolysis rate to be very slow in the pH range of 3-9.5 even at a temperature of 80°C. MES possesses good washing, foaming, and lime soap dispersing properties as well as ready biodegradability and a low acute oral toxicity. 

Hanstveit R (2003a) Trichloromethylstannane (CAS 993-16-8) Determination of the ready biodegradability in a manometric respiration test Delft, TNO, September (Repert Ne. V2492/01). 

Hanstveit R (2003f) Determination of the ready biodegradability of dichlorodioctylstannane in a manometric respiration test. 

Ready biodegradability refers to the situation in which the test compound is totally degraded (under aerobic conditions to COj, HjO, etc.) within the time span of a standardized test usually lasting 5, 7, or 28 d. 

To avoid this, we have employed hydrophobic resins for concentration and isolation of the products from aqueous media [49]. Organics are retained on the resin and subsequently can be desorbed with solvents such as ethanol, which is useful for green chemistry as it is readily recyclable, renewable and biodegradable. Nonextractive processes offer convenience, can be conducted with high throughput and afford low waste owing to ready disposal of the spent water, recyclability of the resin and the solvent used for desorption. 

As shown in Table 1, many FMs meet the biodegradation criteria of a ready or inherent test. If a FM meets the criteria of a ready test, with or without acclimation, a first-order biodegradation rate of 3 h 1 in activated sludge can be assumed [ 1 ]. For FMs that show extensive biodegradation but fail the ready test criteria, a first-order rate of 0.3 h 1 can be assumed for activated sludge treatment [1]. 

Table 1 also indicates that some FMs, including the PCMs and NMs, do not pass ready or inherent biodegradation tests. However, this does not mean that these FMs do not undergo biotransformation to polar metabolites under realistic conditions. These realistic biodegradation tests may be conducted in vitro, in bench-top die-away studies, or as continuous activated sludge and porous pot tests. Ideally, the conditions should include (1) realistic FM concentrations... 

Alcohol ether sulfates. Ready aerobic biodegradation of AESs has been described [113], with co/(3-oxidation and cleavage of the sulfate and ether bonds attributed to the process [10]. However, molecular oxygen is not necessary for the two latter steps, and primary and ultimate degradation has been described under both aerobic and anaerobic conditions [114]. 

---