Biocompatibility silver

Filip, D., 2014. Polyurethane biocompatible silver bionanocomposites for biomedical applications. Journal of Nanoparticle Research 16 (11), 1—17. 

Filip, D., Macocinschi, D., Paslaru, E., Munteanu, B.S., Dumitriu, R.P., Lungu, M., VasUe, C., 2014. Pol5nirethane biocompatible silver bionanocomposites for biomedical apphcations. Journal of Nanoparticle Research 16. http //dx.doi.org/10.1007/sll051-014-2710-x. 

Applications. Polymers with small alkyl substituents, particularly (13), are ideal candidates for elastomer formulation because of quite low temperature flexibiUty, hydrolytic and chemical stabiUty, and high temperature stabiUty. The abiUty to readily incorporate other substituents (ia addition to methyl), particularly vinyl groups, should provide for conventional cure sites. In light of the biocompatibiUty of polysdoxanes and P—O- and P—N-substituted polyphosphazenes, poly(alkyl/arylphosphazenes) are also likely to be biocompatible polymers. Therefore, biomedical appHcations can also be envisaged for (3). A third potential appHcation is ia the area of soHd-state batteries. The first steps toward ionic conductivity have been observed with polymers (13) and (15) using lithium and silver salts (78). 

Figure 4.18 Theoretical values of the shape factor for ellipsoids. Adapted from F. H. Silver and D. L. Christiansen, Biomaterials Science and Biocompatibility, p. 150. Copyright 1999 by Springer-Verlag.

Micropumps based on piezoelectrics are made of pumping chambers that are actuated by three piezoelectric lead zirconate titanate disks (PZT). The pump consists of an inlet, pump chambers, three silicon membranes, three normally closed active valves, three bulk PZT actuators, three actuation reservoirs, flow microchannels, and outlet. The actuator is controlled by the peristaltic motion that drives the liquid in the pump. The inlet and outlet of the micropump are made of a Pyrex glass, which makes it biocompatible. Gold is deposited between the actuators and the silicon membrane to act as an upper electrode. Silver functions as a lower electrode and is deposited on the sidewalls of the actuation reservoirs. In this design, three different pump chambers can be actuated separately by each bulk PZT actuator in a peristaltic motion. 

Silver FH, Christiansen DL. Biomaterials Science and Biocompatibility. New York Springer-Verlag 1999 Chapters 1,8. 

Silver nanoparticles have also been prepared in aqueous solution using Capsicum annum L. extract. It is thought in this example that Ag(i) is reduced to Ag(0) by proteins within the natural extract and that these proteins also act to stabilize the particles. The size of the nanoparticles was found to increase with reaction time 5 h, 10 2 nm 9 h, 25 3 nm 13 h, 40 5 nm. It should be noted that gold and silver nanoparticles have potential pharmaceutical and biomedical applications, and it is therefore highly desirable to use natural stabilizing agents (starch, glucose or plant extracts) and biocompatible solvents such as water. 

Ratner BD, Eloffman AS, Schoen FJ, Lemons JE, eds. An Introduction to Materials in Medicine, 2nd ed. 2004. Elsevier, San Diego, CA. Silver FH, Christiansen DL. Biomaterials Science and Biocompatibility. 1999. Springer, New York. 

No single consumable electrode is ideal for all iontophoretic applications. Different materials meet different capacity needs, and because consumable electrodes consist of chemically reactive species, certain materials may be compatible with certain drugs or excipients but not all of them. The most popular electrodes are based on the silver/silver chloride redox couple. Silver and silver chloride have several advantageous characteristics They are biocompatible, perform well, and have an established history of use in medical applications including sensing electrodes. 

Jansen B, Rinck M, Wolbring P, Strohmeier A and Jahns T (1994) In vitro evaluation of the antimicrobial pcacy and biocompatibility of a silver coated central venous catheter. J Biomater Appl 9 55-70. 

Tweden KS, Cameron JD, Razzouk AJ, Homlberg WR and Kelly SJ (1997) Biocompatibility of silver-modified polyester for antimicrobial protection of prosthetic valves. J Heart Valve Dis 6 553-561. Vince DG and Williams DF (1987) Determination of silver in blood and urine by graphite furnace atomic absorption spectroscopy. Analyst 112 1627-1629. 

Williams RL, Doherty PJ, Vince DG, Grasshoff GJ and Williams DE (1989) The biocompatibility of silver. Crit Rev Biocompat 5 221—243. 

A. Oloffs, C. Grosse-Siestrup, S. Bisson, M. Rinck, R. Rudolph, U. Gross, Biocompatibility of silver-coated polyurethane catheters and silver-coated Dacron material. Biomaterials 15 (10) (1994) 753-758. 

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