Biochip Printing

Biochip printing Cell array DNA array Microarray fabrication Protein array... 

Biochip printing Microarray fabrication DNA array Protein array Cell array... 

In contrast to high density arrays low density arrays are made by deposition of pre-synthesized oligonucleotides or proteins on activated surfaces. There are several printing techniques for fabricating microarrays Non-contact biochip arrayers, commonly based on the piezoelectric effect, can apply controlled sub-nanoliter probe volumes to pre-specified locations on the chip surface. Due to the fact that the dispenser does not touch the surface, a non-contact arrayer provides low risk of contamination and is most suitable for printing on soft materials such as hydrogels. 

Daub, M., TopSpot Technology highly parallel dispensing for production of microarrays, Presentation 2002, Euro Biochips Conference, Berlin, Germany. Delehanty J.B. and Ligler, PS., Method for printing functional protein microarrays, Biotechniques 34, 380-385, 2003. 

In the microarray industry, the most commonly used techniques to pattern biologically active molecules are robotic contact printing or ink-jet printing. In general, these methods can fabricate biochips with thousands of different compounds, which can be analyzed simultaneously. The most commonly spotted biomolecules include oligonucleotides,1 proteins,2 and carbohydrates.3 Microarray-based platforms have... 

Fig. 12 Photograph of the electrical biochip and a scheme of the measuring system (a) chip on printed circuit board (b) 16-channel multipotentiostat with chip and flow-through cell connected to the reference electrode, pump, and computer (c) details of the eight used chip positions (d) details of the submicrometer interdigitated electrode fingers and the three-dimensional polymeric ring structures (Reproduced with permission from Nebling et al. [72])...

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