Biochemical reactors Conversion

Biochemical Conversion Biochemical Reactors Suspended Growth Bioreactors Attached Growth Bioreactors Biochemical Processes... 

The hrst part serves as an introduction to the subject title and contains chapters dealing with history, process variables, basic operations, chemical kinetic principles, and stoichometry and conversion variables. The second part of the book addresses traditional reactor analysis chapter topics include batch, CSTRs, and tubular flow reactors, plus a comparison of these classes of reactors. Part IH keys on reactor applications that include thermal elfects, interpretation of kinetic data, non-ideal reactors, and reactor design. The book concludes with other reactor topics chapter titles include catalysis, catalytic reactions, fluidized and fixed bed reactors, biochemical reactors, open-ended questions, and ABET-related topics. An Appendix is also included. 

Increased conversion and product purity are not the only benefits of simultaneous separation during the reaction. The chromatographic reactor was also found to be a very suitable tool for studying kinetics and mechanisms of chemical and biochemical reactions. Some recent publications describe the results on investigation of autocatalytic reactions [135], first-order reversible reactions [136], and estimation of enantioselectivity [137,138]. It is beyond the scope of this chapter to discuss the details, but the interested reader is referred to an overview published by Jeng and Langer [139]. 

Just one example will be given here.195 Evaporation of water from aqueous solutions of MEEP and the enzyme urease yields films that can be cross-linked by exposure to gamma rays. The cross-linked films absorb water to form hydrogels in which the enzyme molecules are trapped within the interstices of the gel network. Some of the enzyme molecules may also be covalently grafted to the polymer side groups. The immobilized enzyme retained approximately 80% of its activity for the conversion of urea to ammonia. This system can, in principle, be used for the immobilization of a wide variety of enzymes, and for their use in biochemical flow reactors, or in sensors. 

There exist two major conversion methods, biochemical and thermochemical, of wood into useful chemicals and liquid fuel. En matic saccahfication is one of the biochemical conversion method whereas acid-, base-, and metal-catalyzed hydrolyses are the themiochemical conversion method, However, the hydrolysis reaction does not proceed at a sufficiently high reaction rate. In addition, corrosion of the reactor may occur in the latter and it requires purification process of the waste water-... 

Trickle-bed reactors are widely used in hydrotreating processes, i.e., hydrodesulfurization of gasoline and diesel fuel, in petroleum refining, chemical, petrochemical, and biochemical processes. The knowledge of hydrodynamic parameters is vital in the design of a TBR because the conversion of reactants, reaction yield, and selectivity depend not only on reaction kinetics, operating pressure, and temperature, but also on the hydrodynamics of the reactor. Special care is also required to prevent flow maldistribution, which can cause incomplete catalyst wetting in some parts... 

When producing high value biochemicals, the economic analysis is, generally, more favorable for the MBR systems, when compared with the more conventional units. Often selectivity rather than conversion may be the key, since higher selectivities typically result in the elimination of some of the purification steps which have a strong influence on the total production costs. The application of the multiphase/extractive enzyme membrane reactor for the production of a diltiazem chiral intermediate was reported in Chapter 4... 

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