Biochemical analysis, Methods

Lessler, M. A. Brierley, G. P. Oxygen electrode measurements in biochemical analysis. Methods Biochem. Anal., 1969, 17, 1-29. 

Chase, A. M. (1960). The measurement of luciferin and luciferase. In Glick, D. (ed.), Method of Biochemical Analysis, Vol. VIII, pp. 61-117. Interscience Publishers, New York. 

Sherratt, H.S.A., Watmough, N.J.. Johnson, M., Turnbull, D.M. (1988). Methods for study of normal and abnormal skeletal muscle mitochondria. Met. Biochem. Analysis 33, 243-335. 

Halliwell, B., Grootveld, M. and Gutteridge, J.M.C. (1988). Methods for the specific detection of hydroxyl radical in Methods in Biochemical Analysis (ed. D. Click) pp. 59-90, John Wiley and Sons. 

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T. Cserhati, E. Forgacs, H. Morais and T. Mota, Classification of chili powders by thin-layer chromatography and principal component analysis. J. Biochem. Biophys. Methods 45 (2000) 221-229. 

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Tao QF, Zeng S. 2002. Analysis of enantiomers of chiral phenethylamine drugs by capillary gas chromatography/ mass spectrometry/fLame-ionization detection and precolumn chiral derivatization. J Biochem Biophys Methods 54 103. 

Very few, if any, recent biomedical publications describe the use of ion-impact mass spectrometry without the use of GC or some other separation method because most biological samples are chemically complex. The production of clean and useful El mass spectrometric signals requires the substance of interest to be very pure, and thus direct El experiments are usually confined to preliminary studies of highly purified biomolecules or to studies on the metabolism of pure materials. Two publications that describe direct El methods applicable to biochemical analysis and neuropharmaceutical studies are those of Costa et al. (1992) and Karminski-Zamola et al. (1995). 

Fraenkel-Conrat, H., J. I. Harris, and A. L. Levy Recent developments in techniques for terminal and sequence studies in pe])tides and proteins. In. .Methods of Biochemical Analysis", Vol. 2, 359—425 Ed. D. Click, Interscience Publ., 1955. 

Yang, Q., Benson, L. M., Johnson, K. L., and Naylor, S. (1999). Analysis of lipophilic peptides and therapeutic drugs-on-line- nonaqueous capillary-electrophoresis mass-spectrometry. /. Biochem. Biophys. Methods 38, 103 — 121. 

Enzymes play an important role in biochemical analysis. In biological material—e. g in body fluids—even tiny quantities of an enzyme can be detected by measuring its catalytic activity. However, enzymes are also used as reagents to determine the concentrations of metabolites—e.g., the blood glucose level (C). Most enzymatic analysis procedures use the method of spectrophotometry (A). 

There are numerous substances that are administered intravenously and have a direct effect on biochemical analysis. Obviously, glucose or electrolyte concentrations will be spuriously elevated if the specimen is taken from the same vein into which these substances are being administered. The presence of sulfobromophthalein dye (BSP) in serum or plasma will interfere with protein determined by the biuret method. The... 

Jacob S (1965) The determination of nitrogen in biological materials. In Click D (ed.) Methods in biochemical analysis vol. 33, p. 241, WUey, New York... 

Bayer EA, Wilchek M (1980) In Click D (ed.) Methods of biochemical analysis, vol. 26. Wiley, New York, p 1 Savage MD, Mattson G, Desai S, Nielander GW, Morgensen S, Conklin EJ (1992) Avidin-biotin chemistry a handbook. Pierce Chem. Comp., Rockford, Illinois, p 273... 

Felber, J. P. Radioimmunoassay of polypeptide hormones and enzymes, in Methods of Biochemical Analysis (ed.) Glick, D.,, Vol 22, p. 1., New York—London—Sydney—Toronto, John Wiley Sons, Inc. 1974... 

Boehringer Mannheim (1986) Methods of Biochemical Analysis and Food Analysis using Test-Combinations, Boehringer Mannheim GmbH, D-6800 Mannheim 31, Germany. 

The third step is to determine the polypeptide chain end groups. If the polypeptide chains are pure, then only one N-terminal and one C-terminal group should be detected. The amino-terminal amino acid can be identified by reaction with fluorodinitrobenzene (FDNB) (fig. 3.18). Subsequent acid hydrolysis releases a colored dinitrophenol (DNP)-labeled amino-terminal amino acid, which can be identified by its characteristic migration rate on thin-layer chromatography or paper electrophoresis. A more sensitive method of end-group determination involves the use of dan-syl chloride (see Methods of Biochemical Analysis 3B). 

Polypeptide chain end-group analysis, (a) Amino-terminal group identification. A more sensitive method, the dansyl chloride method, is described in Methods of Biochemical Analysis 3B. (b) Carboxyl-terminal group identification. Identification of this amino acid is considerably more difficult. 

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