Bioavailability soft gelatin capsules

IR Berry. Improving bioavailability with soft gelatin capsules. DrugCosIndl33(3) 32,33,102,105-108,1983. 

LJ Fuccella, G Bolcioni, V Tamassia, L Ferario, G Tognoni. Human pharmacokinetics and bioavailability of temazepam administered in soft gelatin capsules. Eur J Clin Pharmacol 12 383-386, 1977. 

Agrosi M, Mischiatti S, Harrasser PC, Savio D. Oral bioavailability of active principles from herbal products in humans. A study on Hypericum perforatum extract using the soft gelatin capsule technology. Phytomedicine 2000 7 455-462. 

The bioavailability of vitamin E from a self-emulsifying preparation was evaluated in comparison to a commercially available soybean oil solution in soft gelatin capsule. Vitamin E administered as a self-emulsifying preparation had markedly higher plasma levels compared to the oil solution formulation, and the extent of absorption was increased almost threefold. Moreover, variability between subjects was markedly reduced in the case of the self-emulsifying preparations [32],... 

V. Stella, J. Haslam, N. Yata, H. Okada, S. Lindenbaum, and T. Higuchi, Enhancement of bioavailability of a hydrophobic amine antimalarial by formulation with oleic acid in a soft gelatin capsule, J. Pharm. Sci. 67 1375-1377 (1978). 

Angelucci, L. Petrangeli, B. Celletti, P. Favilli, S. Bioavailability of flufenamic acid in hard and soft gelatin capsules. J. Pharm. Sci. 1976, 65, 455-456. 

Dutasteride/ Avodart / GlaxoSmithKline/ Treatment of benign prostrate hyperplasia CF3 3 y T 1 T 1 H H 0.5 mg 1 capsule Soft gelatin capsule 0.5 mg Oral bioavailability is 40-94% Mixture of mono-and diglycerides of caprylic/ capric acid BHT RT... 

Etoposide/ (Generic) / Mylan/ Antineoplastic H OH O ( J 1 I /° 1. 0 OH Soft gelatin capsule 50 mg Oral bioavailability is 25-75% Citric acid Glycerin PEG 400 Water ... 

A mixture of PEG 400, propylene glycol, and 8% ethanol solubilizes 50, 100 or 200 pg of digoxin in Lanoxicap soft gelatin capsules. The absolute oral bioavailability of digoxin from the Lanoxicap soft gelatin capsules is 90-100%, compared to 60-80% for the tablets. The dose of digoxin is 50-350 pg per day, which is one to three capsules. 

Medium-chain triglycerides solubilize 192 mg of clomethizole edisilate in Heminevrin Capsules soft gelatin capsules (60 mg equivalent of clomethiazole). Clomethiazole is an oily viscous liquid as the free base but the edisilate (ethanedisulfonate) salt is a solid. Clomethiazole is a short-acting hypnotic and sedative with anticonvulsant effects, and Heminevrin is indicated for treatment of resdessness and insomnia that accompany alcohol withdrawal. Clomethiazole has a short half-life and low bioavailability due to extensive hepatic hrst-pass metabolism. The dose of Heminevrin is one to four capsules as needed, and the capsules are stored at room temperature. Heminevrin Capsules have been available in the United Kingdom since 1998. 

Sesame oU solubilizes 2.5 mg, 5 mg or 10 mg dronabinol, also known as A-9-tetrahydrocannabinol, in Marinol soft gelatin capsules. Dronabinol is the principal psychoactive component of cannabis and hnds therapeutic application as an anti-emetic for treatment of the nausea and vomiting associated with cancer chemotherapy or as an appetite stimulant to treat AIDS wasting syndrome. Dronabinol exists as a hydrophobic oil at ambient room temperature, and after oral administration is almost completely absorbed (90-95%). However, the bioavailability of dronabinol is only about 10-20% due to extensive hepatic hrst-pass metabolism. The dose of dronabinol is 2.5-10 mg (one capsule) twice daily. Marinol soft gelatin capsules should be stored at 8-15° C and must be protected from freezing. Marinol is available in the USA. 

Capric and caprylic mono- and diglyceildes solubilizes 0.5 mg of dutasteride, a water-insoluble steroid derivative used in the treatment of benign prostatic hyperplasia, in Avodart soft gelatin capsules. The average bioavailability of dutasteride from Avodart is 60%, with a range of 40-94%. The dose of dutasteride is 0.5 mg (one capsule) once daily and the product should be stored at controlled room temperature. Avodart has been available in the UK since 2003, and is also available in the USA. 

A combination of beeswax, soybean oil, and hydrogenated vegetable and soybean oil solubilizes 10 mg of tretinoin, a water-insoluble antineoplastic agent, in Vesanoid soft gelatin capsules. The oral bioavailability of tretinoin has been reported to be >60% based on recovery of approximately 2/3 of an administered dose in the urine. The dose of tretinoin is 45 mg/nV/day (eight capsules) twice daily and the product should be stored at room temperature protected from light. Tretinoin is available in the USA, and has been available in the UK since 2001. 

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