Bioassays, for carcinogenicity

Greenman DL, Allaben WT, Burger GT, et al Bioassay for carcinogenicity of rotenone in female Wistar rats. Fundam Appl Toxicol 20 383-390, 1993... 

The biotransformation of 1,1,2,2-tetrachloroethane was studied in rats and mice using [ C]l,l,2,2-tetrachloroethane. The metabolic disposition study was conducted after oral administration of the unlabelled compound on five days per week for four weeks, followed by a single dose of the radiolabelled compound to simulate conditions of a bioassay for carcinogenicity testing. After oral administration of 0.59 mmol/kg bw (98.5 mg/kg bw) [ C]l,l,2,2-tetrachloroethane to rats and 1.19 mmol/kg bw (198.7 mg/kg bw) to mice, 7% and 9.7% of the administered radioactivity were recovered in the expired air of rats and... 

BARR, J. (1988). Design and interpretation of bioassays for carcinogenicity, Regul. Toxicol. Pharmacol. 7, 422-426. 

One of the greatest concerns about using undifferentiated stem cells is their potential to develop tumors [67,68]. The investigation of immortalization, malignant transformation, and tumorigenicity, however, are unlikely to be addressed by conventional rodent bioassays for carcinogenicity or the alternative short-term transgenic mouse assays (see Table 33.7). 

Hamm, T. E., Jr. (1994). Design of a long-term animal bioassay for carcinogenicity. In Handbook of Carcinogen Testing, 2nd edition, H. A., Milman, E. K., Weisburger, eds., William Andrew Rublishing, Norwich, NY, pp. 270-285. 

Maronpot, R. R., ed. (1994). Considerations in the Evaluation and Interpretation of Long-Term Animal Bioassays for Carcinogenicity, WilUam Andrew Publishing/Noyes, Norwich, NY. 

In an NTP inhalation bioassay for carcinogenicity, involving 2-year exposures, rats were exposed up to 0.75 mg m-3 CS and mice up to 1.5 mg m-3. Non-neoplastic lesions were seen in the nasal cavity with rats there was hyperplasia,... 

Izard C, P. Moree-Testa, I. Chouroulinkov, P. Lazar, and C. Libermann Fractionation of cigarette smoke prior to bioassays for carcinogenicity Biomedicine 20 (1974) 1914. 

Other elements of the decision point approach are the use of a battery of short term tests that either may eliminate the need for further testing of the chemical or may enable the verification of carcinogenic potential in one of four limited in vivo bioassays for carcinogenicity. The battery also adds essential information for data evaluation when an already completed chronic test series has yielded ambiguous results. 

A brief account was presented of abbreviated in vivo bioassays for carcinogenicity. These included skin painting, with or without a promoting agent (TPA) the production of pulmonary tumors in strain A mice the development of breast cancer in... 

The metabolic activation of AAF has been shown by several studies ultimately to involve the esterification of A -hydroxy-AAF (Fig. 1). While in vivo metabolism studies coupled with comparative bioassays for carcinogenicity were largely responsible for revealing this mechanism of action, in vitro metabolism of aromatic amines provided some essential details on their metabolic activation (223, 224). 

Chemicals commonly are screened for carcinogenic potential using two basic types of tests, animal bioassay and in vitro assays. Animal bioassays for carcinogenic activity are most commonly conducted in mammalian species, such as rats, mice, and hamsters. The second type of assay using in vitro procedures screens either for transformation in mammalian cells or for the mutagenic potential of a chemical in a bacterial system after metabolic activation of the test substance (130). Other test systems, such as dominant-lethal mutation tests, translocation tests that screen for chromosomal ab-... 

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