Bioactive metabolites from microorganisms

Vol. 27 (1989) Bioactive Metabolites from Microorganisms, edited by M.E. Bushell and... 

Berdy J. Search and discovery methods for novel antimicrobials. In Bushell ME, Grafe U, editors. Bioactive Metabolites from Microorganisms. Amsterdam Elsevier 1989, vol. 27, pp. 3-25. 

Cassini G. Glycopeptides Antibiotic discovery and mechanism of action. Bushell ME, Grafe U, eds. Bioactive Metabolites from Microorganisms, VoL 27. Amsterdam Elsevier, 1980 221-235. 

This work reviews the recent literature (1990-early 2005) on antiviral secondary metabolites from marine organisms and microorganisms and reports a selection of results from more than one hundred bioactive compounds. Under the heading of each respective virus, this article reviews the research on the antiviral activity of extracts and compoimds present in the marine environment. This review demonstrated how far the search for new bioactive metabolites from... 

Abstract Diverse arrays of new bioactive secondary metabolites have been isolated from marine microorganisms and the number of publications in this area has greatly increased in recent years. In this review, the emphasis is placed on new compounds with antitumor, enzyme inhibitors, antivirus, and other bioactive metabolites from fungi, bacteria, actinomycetes, and cyanobacteria reported between 2000 and 2005. Supply is a major limitation in the development of marine bioproducts, and the methods for supplying these products are important. So in this review, the secondary major point is placed on the chemical synthetic studies. References of 390 structures and 263 citations are overall presented in this review. 

This review covers the literature published between 2000 and 2005 for bioactive metabolites from marine microorganisms. 

Isolation and culture of putative symbiotic microorganisms to obtain the bioactive metabolites isolated from the invertebrate-microbe assemblages has been particularly problematic. It has been estimated that only 1% of marine microbes can be isolated and fermented using techniques modified to approximate marine conditions. However, to address this problem, several groups have used differential fractionation or flow cytometric techniques to separate populations of extracellularly associated microorganisms from invertebrate host cells. Chromatographic and spectroscopic analyses of the enriched cell fractions have been used to determine which cell type is producing the compounds. The assumption is that the metabolites are produced in the cell types in which they are detected. 

This review has used almost 263 citations and described nearly 390 new metabolites from marine microorganisms. The data implies that marine microorganisms are just the same as their terrestrial congeners on the diversity of metabolites. As an abundant source of bioactive compounds, they are not at an inferior position compared with other organisms. The unique advantages of the research in this area, the abundance, structure diversity, and biological activities, offers... 

The structure of piimaic acid (24) from the bivalve P. muricata has been shown to be closely similar to that of halichlorine (26) from the marine sponge H. okadai. Each carbon atom has been tentatively numbered according to the supposed biogenetic formation of the N-C23 bond. Thus, these two bioactive metabolites may each be biosynthesized by symbiotic marine microorganisms. 

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