Bioaccumulation testing

Kurume Laboratory (2001b) Bioaccumulation test of Perfluoroalkylcarboxylic acid (C = 7 - 13) [This test is performed using perfluorooctanoic acid (test substance number K-1519)] in carp. Kurume Laboratory, Chemicals Evaluation and Research Institute, Japan. December 18... 

The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (Lee et al., 1993) designed Bedded Sediment Bioaccumulation tests to estimate the bioaccumulation of sediment-associated contaminants by benthic organisms. The bioaccumulation potential of a chemical in sediment usually is expressed as a Biota-Sediment Accumulation Factor (BSAF). The simplest test determines the BSAF as the ratio of the steady-state chemical concentration in the test organism and the chemical concentration in the sediment. 

A number of authors (e.g., Bruggeman et al., 1981 and 1984 Opperhuizen et al., 1985 Gobas et al., 1989) have applied simple kinetic models (i.e., equations (13)-(15), (25)-(27), (29, (30))to fish. In most cases, the models are used in a descriptive sense to describe empirical data derived from bioconcentration or bioaccumulation tests. These models can play an important role in the analysis of the results of bioconcentration tests, but they are generally inapplicable to bioaccumulation under field conditions. 

Kitano M. 1978. Biodegradation and bioaccumulation test on chemical substances. Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) Tokyo Meeting. Reference BookTSU-No. 3. OECD Publications and Information Centre, Washington, DC. 

If a substance has been found to be persistent in a biodegradability test, it should be tested for bioaccumulation. If it is not highly bioaccumulative and manufactured and/or imported in an amount of 10 tonnes/year or less, the substance can be notified with the biodegradability and bioaccumulation test data obtained without additional safety evaluation within the framework newly set by the recent amendment. 

Egeler P, Rombke J, Meller M, Knacker T, Nagel R. 1999. Bioaccumulation test with tubi-ficid sludgeworms in artificial media—development of a standardisable method. Hydrobiologia 406 271-280. 

BCF value than expected. Substances that form micelles or aggregates may bioconcentrate to a lower extent than would be predicted from simple physico-chemical properties. This is also the case for hydrophobic substances that are contained in micelles formed as a consequence of the use of dispersants. Therefore, the use of dispersants in bioaccumulation tests is discouraged. 

US EPA (2000) Bioaccumulation testing and interpretation for the purpose of sediment quality assessment. 1-475, EPA 823-ROO-OOl. 

These characteristics also determine whether or not a chemical bioconcentrates (body burden concentration > environmental concentration due to absorption from skin or respiratory organs) or bioaccumulates (body burden concentration> environmental concentration due to all routes of uptake). Similar to toxicity tests, bioaccumulation tests are laboratory exposures designed to assess the potential for bioaccumulation or bioconcentration for a chemical. 

USEPA. 1993. Guidance manual Bedded sediment bioaccumulation tests. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, ERL-N, Pacific Ecosystems Branch, Newport, OR, EPA 600/X-89/302. 

Indicator system Biological Indices Ecological surveys Community structure Physiological techniques Bioaccumulation tests... 

Schrock, M.E., E.S. Barrows, and L.B. Rosman. 1997. Biota-to-sediment accumulation factors for TCDD and TCDF in worms from 28 d bioaccumulation tests. Chemo-sphere 34 1333-1339. 

ASTM, Standard Guide for Conducting Laboratory Soil Toxicity or Bioaccumulation Tests with the Lumbricid Earthworm Eisenia Fetida, E 1676-97, 1998. 

Risk assessment and sediment quality criteria. Risk assessment does not necessarily represent an ordered sequence of elements involving the recognition of hazards, the measurement of impact and the comparison of the measurements. Rather, all possible combinations of elements exist in practice. Sediment quality criteria, among other approaches (see 6.3) use kinetic bioaccumulation models and bioaccumulation tests (Chapman et al., 1987)... 

Isoindoline pigments are sparingly soluble in water. They exhibit practically no toxicity to fish. The pigments are not biodegradable, but since they are also not bioavailable either, they do not accumulate in Uving organisms. This was shown by bioaccumulation tests in fish. 

This equation has an intercept. As equation (1) does not have an intercept, EBCF calculated from equation (1) may have some errors. However, it seems difficult to get a correlation equation from the result of a bioaccumulation test using fish with low lipid content as control. Therefore, estimation using equation (1) seems to be practically useful even if containing some errors. We made clear that there were good correlations between BCFs and lipid contents in fish here. Therefore, if we use the NBCFs in the examination of the relationship between BCFs and the corresponding octanol/water partition... 

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