Bichel Closed Bomb

A detailed description of Bichel Closed Bomb employed in 1931 at USBurMines was given on pp 85—87 of Ref 1 (under the name Bichel Gage), together with description of procedure used at that time. The Fig shown on p 86 of Ref 1 is just a photo of exterior view, A clearer idea of construction can be obtd from Fig of Vol 3 of Ertcycl, p C331 R and from Fig on p C332-L... 

Equipment. At the time of publication of Ref 1 (1931), there were two Bichel Closed Bombs at BurMines, each of them made of strong cast steel. The No 1 apparatus had an interior capacity of 15 liters,. while the No 2 was of 20 liters. Their walls were 12.5cm thick. The heads of their cylinders were provided with lead gaskets, which were secured in pLace by 12 heavy stud bolts and aa iron yoke. For exhausting the air there was a tube inserted in a hole bored in an upper segment of each cylinder (See Fig on p C332-L of Vol 3 of Encycl), near one end. Exhaust tuhe of each cylinder was connected with a rotary, vacuum-air pump, driven by a 2-HP motor and provided with a valve which excluded the outside air after the desired vacuum was reached (usually 50li5ram of Hg). 

Bichel Closed Bomb Closed Bomb of CSE Bomb of Burlot-Malsallez Closed Bomb of Sarrau-Vieille British Closed Vessel Closed Bomb Assembly... 

The following g ges for measuring pressure developed by expls and proplnts are described in Vol 3 of Encyclopedia (Ref 3) Bichel Pressure Gage or Bichel Closed Bomb (pp C331-R C332-L)... 

Bichel Bomb Pressure Gage. See Vol 1, p VIII and in Vol 2, under Closed Bomb, pp C330 to C331... 

Fume Characteristics. In commercial blasting, one needs to know what poisonous gases condensed pro diets may be produced and in what proportions they may be found in the atmosphere following a blast. The poisonous gases are referred to in the expl industry as fumes. Limitations of the various methods used to measure fumes (Bichel gauge, Craw-shaw gage Trauzl block) have been recognized for years. The LTSBurMines classification of permissibles into Class A Class B is based on a closed-bomb method... 

CSE (Commission des Substances Explosives) Closed Bomb Gage (French) (p C332-R) Dolgov Bomb Gage (Russian). Similar to Bichel Bomb but arranged vertically (p... 

Dolgov Bomb. A closed bomb, similar to Bichel Bomb, but vertical, was mentioned in Vol 3 of Encycl, p C331-R. Accdg to its description given in the book of Yaremenko Svetlov, its usual capacity is 15 to 50 liters, but the most commonly known bomb is of 50 liters. A sample of up to 10Qg can be exploded in a 50-liter bomb. Cylindrical body of the bomb is of heavy steel and it is closed, hermetically, with a horizontal, heavy steel cover, by means of bolts and nuts. The cover is provided with pressure gage, vents for removing the air before the... 

Refs l)Marshall 2 (1917), 441-49 (Closed bombs and pressure measuring devices of Rodman, Noble Abel, Bichel and Petavel) 2)D.A.Keys, PhilMag 1921, 473-88 (A piezoelectric method for measuring expln pressures) 3)J C.Karcher, USBurStandards Scient Paper No 445 (Part of Vol 18) (1922)... 

Refs l)Marshall 2 (1917), 441-49 (Closed bombs and pressure measuring devices of Rodman, Noble Abel, Bichel and Petavel)... 

The determination of the composition of the combustion prothicts is actually performed after cooling the combustion products, i.e., at a moment of freezing the chemical equilibrium. This does not equal the moment w en reactions are finished. The composition and the volume of the combustion products of the propellants may be determined using the closed bomb or the calorimetric bomb. For the determination of the composition of the detonation products, specially designed closed bombs of 20 dm chamber volume are used. Such is the Bichel bomb. 

A brief description of tests which can be used for approx determination of pressure developed on detonation or explosion is given in Vol 1 of Encycl (Ref 47), p VIII (Bichel Bomb) p IX (Closed Vessel Test) p X (Compression Tests) p XVI (Hopkinson Pressure Bar) and p XX (Pressure of Gases Developed on Detonation)... 

Measurement of detonation pressure) 363-69 (Peak pressure-distance relationships curves) 41) Cook (1958), 32-35 (Measurement of deton pressure) 265-68 (Maximum available work and peak blast pressure) 4la) I. Ginsburgh, JAppl-Phys 29, 1381-82(1958) (Abnormal pressures in a shock tube) 41b) D. Price, ChemRevs 59, 801-25(1959) (Substituted in her discussions the term "detonation pressure for "brisance and "detonation energy for "power ) 42) Baum, Stanyu-kovich Shekhter (1959), 139-43 (Bichel bomb for detn of pressure) 43) Bandurin Rukin (1959), 69-74 (Pressure of gases formed on expln in a closed vessel)... 

BICHEL PRESSURE GAGE These books, as well as the book of Marshall (Ref 1, p444) and Bur Mines Bull 346 (Ref 7, pp 85 95) give a detailed description of bomb and instructions for its manipulation. This bomb was developed in 1898 in Germany. Her cules Powder Co modified the bomb devising a very effective arrangement for its closing. 

The composition of the fumes produced by the detonation of an explosive can be found by calculation (-> Thermodynamic Calculation of Decomposition Reactions) or by detonating a cartridge of the explosive in question in a closed vessel (-> Bichel Bomb) followed by gas analysis of the fumes. 

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