Bi-intercalation compounds

Rancourt DG, Flandrois S, Biensan P, Lamarche G (1990a) Magnetism of a graphite bi-intercalation compound with two types of ferromagnetic layers Double hysteretic transition in CrCl3-NiCl2-C. Canadian J Phys 68 1435-1439... 

Le Bret, M. Le Pecq, J. B. Barbet, J. Roques, B. P. A reexamination of the problem of resonance energy transfer between DNA intercalated chromophores using bis-intercalating compounds. Nucleic Acids Res. 1977, 4, 1361-1379. 

The preparation of bi-intercalation compounds has also been proven to occur in 12 M H2SO4 [293,376]. Using such an electrolyte it was possible to reveal the influence of structure of the host CrOa-GIC on the biintercalation process. One cathodic jump appeared on the potentiodynamic curve during the subsequent intercalation of H2SO4 into a well-ordered CrOa-GIC,... 

Recently, a bis intercalating derivative of daunomycin has been studied [97]. In this compound the amino groups are joined by a xylyl group. This daunomy-... 

Intercalators have generally high DNA-binding constants (partition coefficients), and therefore after the interaction between intercalator compound and double helix, a conformational change occurs onto DNA that gives a very favorable free energy of complex formation [14], On the other hand, in bis-intercalators, for example, Echinomycin, two intercalative interactions perform via covalent bonds between aromatic rings of the molecule and DNA [14]. 

Some other examples about drug-DNA interactions have been seen in the literature. The antibiotic mitomycin C (MC) and its interactions with DNA were investgated based on guanine oxidation signal by Ozkan et al [78]. Meric et al [53] described a biosensor for the detection of interaction between a compound synthesized as an alkylating anticancer agent and DNA. Jelen et al [79] found a redox active bis-intercalator anticancer drug, Echinomycin, and they showed its interactions with DNA. The intercalator "Adriamycin" and its in situ interaction with DNA was reported by Brett et al [80]. 

Lehn and coworkers have also prepared a series of bis-intercaland compounds and their reference mono-intercaland partners to see the affinity enhancement provided by this double binding motif (27-36, Scheme 10). Evidence of intercalation was obtained from the hypo-chromism observed in the UV-vis spectra of the nucleotide-ligand systems. While differences in stability were obtained for the different nucleic bases, the constants for the nucleotides containing the same base pair and different... 

W. Yan, M. Lemer, Preparation of graphite Bis(perfluoropinacolate)borate intercalation compound, J. Electrochem. Soc., 150, D169-D173 (2003). 

Other methods were also successfully used to synthesize acceptor-type bi- and co-intercalation compounds. Schoderbock and Boehm prepared stage-2 Cjg (AICI3 3)o.7(NbCl5)o.33 by the subsequent intercalation of AICI3 into stage-3 NbCIs-GIC in a saturated SOCI2... 

Other Radioprotective Chemicals. The bis-methylthio- and methylthioamino-derivatives of 1-methylquinolinium iodide and l-methylpyridinium-2-dithioacetic acid provide reasonable protection to mice at much lower doses than the aminothiols, which suggests a different mechanism of action (139). One of these compounds, the 2-(methylthio)-2-piperidino derivative of the l-methyl-2-vinyl quinolinium iodide (VQ), interacts with supercoUed plasmic DNA primarily by intercalation. Minor substitutions on the aromatic quinolinium ring system markedly influence this interaction. Like WR-1065, VQ is positively charged at physiological pH, and the DNA-binding affinities of VQ and WR-1065 appear to be similar. 

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