BHA butylated hydroxyanisole

Antioxidants Ascorbic acid, BHA (butylated hydroxyanisole), BHT (butylated hydroxytoluene tocopherols)... 

BHT, butylated hydroxytoluene BHA, butylated hydroxyanisole EDTA, ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid MeOH, methanol EtOH, ethanol 2-PrOH, 2-propanol BuOH, butanol MeCN, acetonitrile CHC13, chloroform CH2C12, dichloromethane (methylene chloride) THF, tetrahydrofuran DMF, dimethylformamide DMSO, dimethylsulfoxide MTBE, methyl tert-butyl ether. 

The abbreviations used are BHA, butylated hydroxyanisole BP, benzo(a)pyrene BPDEI, (+)-7B,8a-dihydroxy-9a,10a-epoxy-7,8,9,10-tetrahydrobenzo(a)pyrene BPDEII, (+)-7fl,8a-dihydroxy-9fl,10fl-epoxy-7,8,9,10-tetrahydrobenzo(a)pyrene BPDE, BPDEI plus BPDEII DMBA, 7,12-dimethylbenz(a,h)anthracene PAH, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons TCDD, 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin. 

Chemical preservatives include free radical scavengers (also known as antioxidants), such as vitamin C and compounds such as BHA (butylated hydroxyanisole), and bacterial growth inhibitors, such as benzoic acid, sulfur dioxide, and sodium nitrite (NaN02). Ethanol (CH3CH2OH) has long been used as a preservative, both of itself (as in wine), and of other foods (e.g., fruits stored in brandy). Some chemical preservatives may be harmful Sulfur dioxide (often used to preserve wines) is irritating to the bronchial tubes of persons who have asthma, and nitrites have been implicated as carcinogens. 

Ratio = blend ratio soybean oil fatty acid methyl esters (SME) in low-sulfur (<500ppm) No. 2 petrodiesel (LSD) where BO is 0% SME and B20 contains 20 vol% SME BHA = butylated hydroxyanisole BHT = butylated hydroxytoluene TBHQ = tert-butylhydroquinone. 

Figure 1.1. Selected Synthetic Antioxidants. BHT = Butylated hydroxytoluene TBHQ = ferf-butylhydroxyquinone BHA = butylated hydroxyanisole TBHT = ferf-butyl hydroxytoluene Trolox = 6-hydroxy-2,5,7,8-tetramethylchroman-2-carboxylic acid.

AP = ascorbyl palmitate, BHA = butylated hydroxyanisole, BHT = butylated hydroxytoluene, TDPA = thiodipropionic acid, PG = propyl gallate, NDGA = nor-dihydroguaiaretic acid, TBHQ 2- er -butylhydroquinone. 

In addition to its use in making resins and adhesives, phenol is also the starting material for the synthesis of chlorinated phenols and the food preservatives BHT (butylated hydroxytoluene) and BHA (butylated hydroxyanisole). Fenta-chlorophenol, a widely used wood preservative, is prepared by reaction of phenol with excess CI2. T he herbicide 2,4-D (2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid) is prepared from 2,4-dichlorophenol, and the hospital antiseptic agent hexa-chlorophene is prepared from 2,4,5-trichlorophenol. 

Abbreviations BHA, butylated hydroxyanisole BHT, butylated hydroxytoluene DTT, dithiothreitol EDTA, ethylehediamihetetraacetic acid. 

Alts. The loose bottle cap allows the entry of moisture, oxygen, and bacteria which accelerate hydrolysis and oxidation. Tightening the cap and refrigerating the substance slows the rancid reactions. Some manufacturers of vegetable oils add phenol derivatives, such as BHT (butylated hydroxytoluene lUPAC 2,6-di-t-butyl-4-methylphenol), BHA (butylated hydroxyanisole lUPAC 2-/-butyl-4-methoxyphenol), and vitamin E, which act as antioxidants. 

Effects of Antioxidants. The most important evidence implicating free radicals in DPE membrane injury is the ability to protect against damage with a known radical scavenger. Compounds with the potential ability to provide limited protection against DPE injury by free radical scavenging and other mechanisms include BHA (butylated hydroxyanisole), BHT (butylated hydroxytoluene), EDU N-[2-(2-oxo-l-imidazolidinyl)-... 

The widely used antioxidant and food preservative called BHA (butylated hydroxyanisole) is actually a mixture of 2-rert-butyl-4-methoxyphenol and 3-tert-hutyl-4-methoxyphenol. BHA is synthesized from A>-methoxyphenol and 2-methylpropene. (a) Suggest how this is done, (b) Another widely used antioxidant is BHT (butylated hydroxytoluene). BHT is actually 2,6-di-rerr-butyl-4-methylphenol, and the raw materials used in its production are /)-cresol and 2-methylpropene. What reaction is used here ... 

Two commercial phenolic antioxidants are BHA (butylated hydroxyanisole) and BHT (butylated hydroxytoluene). BHA is used as an antioxidant in foods, especially meat products. BHT is used not only in foods, animal feeds, and vegetable oils, but also in lubricating oils, synthetic rubber, and various plastics. 

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