Betalains yellow beet

Stintzing, F.C., Schieber, A., and Carle, R., Identification of betalains from yellow beet (Beta vulgaris L.) and cactus pear (Opuntia ficus-indica (L.) Mill.) by high-performance liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization mass spectrometry, J. Agric. Food Chem., 50, 2302, 2002. 

Betalains have recently regained importance due to continuing interest in natural food colorants. Currently, red beet is the only food source commercially exploited, although amaranth, Swiss chard, yellow beet, and cactus fruit represent promising... 

Alkaloids Betalains Yellow to red-violet Tissues originating from Caryophyllales and fodder beet... 

Beet toots contain both ted pigments (betacyanins) and yellow pigments (betaxanthins), known collectively as betalains. Generally, the betacyanin content of beets fat exceeds that of the betaxanthins. Of the betacyanins present, 75—95% is betanin [7659-95-2] (41) (EEC No. E 162), making it the principal pigment ia beet colorant. 

Betalaines. In 1968, the term betalaines was used to describe collectively two groups of plant pigments the red betacyanins and the yellow betaxanthins. The red and yellow dyes found in beets. Beta vulgaris, fall into this category. An interesting history has been written about these dyes (133). 

Betalains occur in centrospermae, mainly in red beets, but also in some cactus fruits and mushrooms. They consist of red-violet betacyanins 540 nm) and yellow betaxanthins (Alliax 480 nm). About 50 betalains have been identified. The major betacyanin is betanin (Formula 9.14), glucoside of betanidin, which accounts for... 

Root Beet Beta vulgaris Red, yellow or white Betalains... 

Betalains are a group of alkaloidal pigments restricted to about 10 families in the order Caryophyllales (formerly the Centrospermae). These pigments occur in all plant parts, vary in color from yellow to red-violet, exist as zwitterions, are water soluble, and are accumulated in the vacuole. Two main structural types and about 50 compounds have been reported from plants (Strack et al., 1993). The red color of beets (Beta vulgaris) is due to the presence of the betalain... 

Betalains are red (betacyanins) or yellow pigments (betaxanthins) of Centrospermae and the pilei of some mushrooms (Fig. 292). Examples are betanin (betanidin-5-glucoside), the pigment of red beets, and indicaxanthin a pigment of Opuntia ficus-indica flowers and of the fly agaric (Amanita muscaria). Betalains are derivatives of (S)-betalamic acid. In the formation of betacyanins (S)-betala-mic acid condenses with L-cyclodopa (D 22.1.3), in case of betaxanthins with some other amines or amino acids, e.g., L-proline (D 17). Betacyanins and betaxanthins attract pollinators if present in plant flowers (E 5.5.1) and animals... 

Pigments known as betalains occur in centrosper-mae, e. g., in red beet and also in some mushrooms (the red cap of fly amanita). They consist of red-violet betacyanins (Amax 540 nm) and yellow betaxanthins (Amax 480nm). They have the general structure ... 

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