Berzelius IS

About four years later in 1819, the Reverend Hans Morten Thrane Esmark (1801— 1882), an amateur mineralogist, found a black mineral in Norway and gave a sample of it to his father, a geology professor, for analysis. Unable to identify it, Professor Jens Esmark sent the sample for chemical analysis to Berzelius, who found that it contained 60% of a new type of earth oxide not recognized before. It was identified as the mineral thorite (ThSiO ). Berzelius reported his discovery in an 1829 publication and retained the name thorium, in honor of Thor, the Norse god of war. Berzelius is thus credited with thorium s discovery. 

Jons Jacob Berzelius is mostly known for his discovery of Si however, he was the first person who more than likely synthesized SiC. In 1824 he published a paper where he speculated that there was a chemical bond between Si and carbide (C) in... 

Berzelius is always busy, said Johnston. He works twelve to fourteen hours every day. But in spite of all he has done for experimental chemistry, one must not think that he works without respite in his laboratory. Often, when he is composing, he stops for months at a time. If, during his writing, he comes across some passage which seems obscure to him, he lays down his pen, goes into his laboratory, and carries out new researches.. . . ... 

Lab products were used to produce cheese (Knapp, 1847). Berzelius is cited with details stating that 1 part of lab ferment preparation (essentially proteases) coagulates 1800 parts of milk, and that only 0.06 parts of the lab ferment is lost. 

Swedish chemist Jons Jakob Berzelius is born on August 20 in Vaversunda, Sweden. 

L. Ruthenia, Russia) Berzelius and Osann in 1827 examined the residues left after dissolving crude platinum from the Ural mountains in aqua regia. While Berzelius found no unusual metals, Osann thought he found three new metals, one of which he named ruthenium. In 1844 Klaus, generally recognized as the discoverer, showed that Osann s ruthenium oxide was very impure and that it contained a new metal. Klaus obtained 6 g of ruthenium from the portion of crude platinum that is insoluble in aqua regia. 

Thor, Scandinavian god of war) Discovered by Berzelius in 1828. Much of the internal heat the earth produces has been attributed to thorium and uranium. Because of its atomic weight, valence, etc., it is now considered to be the second member of the actinide series of elements. 

Because of their central importance in chemistry, atomic weights have been continually refined and improved since the first tabulations by Dalton (1803 -5). By 1808 Dalton had included 20 elements in his list and these results were substantially extended and improved by Berzelius during the following decades. An illustration of the dramatic and continuing improvement in accuracy and precision during the past 100 y is given in Table 1.3. In 1874 no atomic weight was quoted to better than one part in 200, but by 1903 33 elements had values quoted to one part in 10 and 2 of these (silver and... 

In 1751 the Swedish mineralogist, A. F. Cronstedt, discovered a heavy mineral from which in 1803 M. H. Klaproth in Germany and, independently, i. i. Berzelius and W. Hisinger in Sweden, isolated what was thought to be a new oxide (or earth ) which was named ceria after the recently discovered asteroid, Ceres. Between 1839 and 1843 this earth, and the previously isolated yttria (p. 944), were shown by the Swedish surgeon C. G. Mosander to be mixtures from which, by 1907, the oxides of Sc, Y, La and the thirteen lanthanides other than Pm were to be isolated. The small village of Ytterby near Stockholm is celebrated in the names of no less than four of these elements (Table 30.1). 

In 1836 Jons Jakob Berzelius considered eight seemingly unrelated experimental results and concluded that there was a common thread among them. The commonality he defined as catalysis. In doing tliis, Berzelius proposed that a catalytic force was responsible for catalytic action. The concept of catalysis is today considered by most researchers to be due to Berzelius, probably because of the popularity of his annual Handbook of Chemistiywhere he published his definition of catalytic action. For the next one hundred years many referred to the phenomenon as contact catalysis or contact action, as proposed by Mitscherlich. 

The mean value for this triad is reasonably close to Berzelius value for bromine of 78.383. Dobereiner also obtained a triad involving some alkali metals, sodium, lithium, and potassium, which were known to share many chemical properties ... 

It is not necessary to let Mr. Berzelius know, that, aeeording to the views of eleetroehemistry, it is mainly the nature of the elementary partieles whieh determine the main properties of matter. According to the theory of substitutions, however, the properties of matter are mainly determined by the arrangement of partieles (Dumas, 1833, p. 288). 

In the nineteenth century, Humphry Davy (1778-1829) speculated that the luminosity of flames is caused by fhe production and ignition of solid particles of carbon as a resulf of the decomposition of a part of the gas. Jons Jakob Berzelius (1779-1848) is said to be the first to describe an ordinary candle flame as consisting of four disfincf zones. Davy s protege, Michael Faraday [9] (1791-1867) gave his Christmas lectures and accom-pan3ung demonstrations to a juvenile audience on "The Chemical History of a Candle" in 1848 and 1860. Around the turn of the century, modem combustion science was established based on the increased understanding of chemistry, physics, and thermodynamics. 

Silicon w is first isolated and described as an element in 1824 by Jdns Jacob Berzelius, a Swedish chemist. Silicon does not occur uncombined in nature, i.e.- as an element. It is found in practically aU rocks as well as in sand, clays, and soils, combined either with oxygen as silica (Si02= silicon dioxide) or with oxygen plus other elements (e.g., aliuninum, mcignesium, calcium, sodium, potassium, or iron) as silicates. Its compounds also occur in all natural waters, in the atmosphere (as siliceous dust), in many plants, and in the skeletons, tissues, and body fluids of some animals. 

In 1835 Berzelius coined the term catalysis to describe the influence of certain substances on the nature of diverse reactions, the substances themselves apparently being unchanged by the reaction. He imbued these materials with a catalytic force capable of awakening the potential for chemical reaction between species that would normally be nonreactive at a given temperature. In more modern terms the following definition is appropriate. 

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