Beryllium Metallurgy

Nonferrous metallurgy is as varied as the ores and finished products. Almost every thermal, chemical, and physical process known to engineers is in use. The general classification scheme that follows gives an understanding of the emissions and control systems aluminum (primary and secondary), beryllium, copper (primary and secondary), lead (primary and secondary), mercury, zinc, alloys of nonferrous metals (primary and secondary), and other nonferrous metals. 

As already indicated, the brittleness of beryllium has so far been the main determining feature in the technology, and because of the mechanical anisotropy, the most widely practised method of fabrication is via powder metallurgy. 

Beryllium Oxide (Bromellite). BeO, mw 25.01, white amorph powd, mp 2530°, bp ca 3900°, d 3.01g/cc. Sol in coned acids and alkalies. V si sol in w. Prepn is by burning BeC03 at 900° in a Pt crucible to the oxide. It is used in nuclear reactor fuels and moderators as well as in powder metallurgy, ceramics, fuel cells and coatings (see above)... 

C. K. Gupta (Guest Editor), Special Issue Proceedings of the National Workshop on Beryllium, Dec. 54, 1991, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mineral Processing and Extractive Metallurgy Review, Vol. 13, No. 14,1994, Vol. 4, No. 1,1994. 

Because beryllium is primarily used as a powder metallurgy product or as an alloying agent, casting technology in the conventional metallurgical sense is not commonly utilized with the pure metal. 

H. H. Hausner, ed., Beryllium, Its Metallurgy and Properties, University of California Press, Berkeley, Calif., 1965. 

Copley, S.M. Applied General and Nonferrous Physical Metallurgy," Encyclopedia of Materials Science and Engineering. MIT Press, Cambridge, MA, 1986. Gibbons, A. In the Beginning, Let There Be Beryllium, Science. 162 (January 10,... 

R. G. Bellamy and N. A. Hill, Extraction and Metallurgy of Uranium, Thorium and Beryllium , Pergamon, Oxford,... 

Beryllium was discovered as an element in 1798. Its use in metallurgy and electrical components were largely developed in the 1920s. 

Use Fluoridation, laundry sours, opalescent glass, vitreous enamel frits, metallurgy (aluminum and beryllium), insecticides and rodenticides, chemical intermediate, glue, leather and wood preservative, moth repellent, manufacture of pure silicon. 

The 8-hydroxyquinoline method was applied for determination of aluminium in plant materials [15,76,77], soil extracts [76], silicate rocks and minerals [2], cast iron and steel [1,8,9,14], nickel- and copper alloys [1], chromium [78], beryllium [79], metallurgy products [80], titanium concentrates [7], and phosphates [81]. 

VSE In metallurgy as deoxidizer for copper, beryllium, steel (together with silicon). To harden lead for bearings. Alloyed with cerium to make flints for cigarette and gas lighters. In manuf of electronic vacuum tubes as getter to fix residual gases as oxides, nitrides, hydrides of calcium. 

Calcium is used as a deoxidizer for copper, steel, and beryllium in metallurgy to harden lead for bearing and in making alloys. 

Ya. I. Gerasimov, A. N. Krestovnikov, and S. I. Gorbov, Chemical Thermodynamics in Nonferrous Metallurgy Handbook , Vol. 5 Thermodynamics of Vanadium, Mercury, Beryllium, and Their Most Important Compounds , Metallurgiya, Moscow, 1973. 

Hydrogen cyanide Iron oxide black Mercury chloride (ic) Nickel cyanide Nitric acid Sodium chloride Sulfurous acid Zirconium potassium hexafluoride metallurgy, aluminum Sodium silicofluoride metallurgy, beryllium Sodium silicofluoride metallurgy, ore separation Phosgene metals... 

Beaver, W. W. Technology of beryllium and beryllium oxide. Progress in Nuclear Energy. Ser. V, Metallurgy and Fuels, p. 277. Pergamon Press (1956). 

Bryant, P. S. Beryllium production at Milford Haven. I.M.M. Symposium on the Extraction Metallurgy of Some of the Less Common Metals, London (1956). Paper 17. 

Kroll, W. J. Extractive Metallurgy of Beryllium. U.S. Bureau of Mines, Information Circular 7326 (June 1945). 

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