Beryllium metal reactions with

Beryllium is amphoteric, in contrast to its fellow Group 2A metals. Beryllium metal reacts with aqueous NaOH to produce hydrogen gas and Be(OH)42 . Write a balanced equation for this reaction. What is the oxidizing agent What is the reducing agent ... 

Beryllium Nitride. BeryUium nitride [1304-54-7], Be N2, is prepared by the reaction of metaUic beryUium and ammonia gas at 1100°C. It is a white crystalline material melting at 2200°C with decomposition. The sublimation rate becomes appreciable in a vacuum at 2000°C. Be2N2 is rapidly oxidized by air at 600°C and like the carbide is hydrolyzed by moisture. The oxide forms on beryllium metal in air at elevated temperatures, but in the absence of oxygen, beryllium reacts with nitrogen to form the nitride. When hot pressing mixtures of beryUium nitride and sUicon nitride, Si N, at 1700°C, beryllium sUicon nitride [12265-44-0], BeSiN2, is obtained. BeSiN2 may have appHcation as a ceramic material. 

Beryllium, calcium, boron, and aluminum act in a similar manner. Malonic acid is made from monochloroacetic acid by reaction with potassium cyanide followed by hydrolysis. The acid and the intermediate cyanoacetic acid are used for the synthesis of polymethine dyes, synthetic caffeine, and for the manufacture of diethyl malonate, which is used in the synthesis of barbiturates. Most metals dissolve in aqueous potassium cyanide solutions in the presence of oxygen to form complex cyanides (see Coordination compounds). 

Beryllium chloride (BeClj) is used as a catalyst to accelerate many organic reactions, and beryllium chloride is the electrolyte used along with NaCl in the electrolytic process to produce beryllium metal. 

The metal ion specificity for the reaction with acetate was different from that in the reaction with phosphate in the former beryllium was most active, followed by nickel. The alkaline earths that were so effective with phosphate did not catalyze the reaction with acetate at all. The difference in metal specificity in the two reactions was explained by assuming that complexation with the orthophosphate and acetate constitutes an important function in the reaction. 

Common synthetic routes to beryllium amides, which were summarized in Ref. 1, involve the direct or indirect amination of beryllium hydride, beryllium chloride, a beryllium alkyl or amide precursor. Beryllium amides with bulky substituents are generally synthesized via the trans-metallation of beryllium dichloride with the lithium amides. The reaction of beryllium dichloride with secondary amines in the presence of an alkyllithium represents a less common synthetic route to beryllium amides. The formation ofbery Ilium amides via the reaction of an alkyl beryllium as well as beryllium hydride species with amines is also known. ... 

The alkaline earth metal cations follow similar trends to the alkali metal cations in their complexation reactions with monodentate ligands. Hard , class V donor atoms are preferred, and beryllium and magnesium show a greater tendency to form complexes than do their larger congeners. 

In all of, these cases substitution of the second alkyl can then occur to yield the dialkoxide or diphenoxide. This allowed the isolation of the monomeric beryllium phenoxide Be(OAr )2 (OAr = 2,6-di-t-butylphenoxide).98 The alkyls of the Group IV metals, MR (M = Ti, Zr, Hf), undergo rapid reactions with common alcohols and phenols yielding eventually the corresponding tetra-alkoxides or -phenoxides and four equivalents of alkane.97,100 With very bulky substituted alcohols or phenols the reactivity can be very sluggish, in some cases leading to only partial substitution (equation 28). 66,100... 

Benzohydroxamic acid dioxouranium complexes, 507 metal complexes, 506, 507 as metal precipitant, 506 Benzohydroxamic acid, iV-methyl-metal complexes, 506 Benzohydroxamic acid, N-phenyl-metal complexes, 507 reactions with carboxylic acids, 507 as metal precipitant, 506 titanium complexes, 506 Benzohydroxamic acid, A -(o-tolyl)-as metal precipitant, 506 Benzohydroxamic acid, N-wi-tolyl-p-methoxy-metal complexes, 506 Benzoic acid, dihydroxy-beryllium(II) complexes, 481 Benzoic acid, o-mercapto-esters... 

Calcium, strontium, and barium react vigorously at 25°C. The less easily oxidized beryllium and magnesium show no observable reaction with water at 25°C, although magnesium reacts with boiling water. Table 18.7 summarizes various properties, sources, and preparations of the alkaline earth metals. 

Violent reactions with ammonium salts, chlorate salts, beryllium fluoride, boron diiodophosphide, carbon tetrachloride + methanol, 1,1,1-trichloroethane, 1,2-dibromoethane, halogens or interhalogens (e.g., fluorine, chlorine, bromine, iodine vapor, chlorine trifluoride, iodine heptafluoride), hydrogen iodide, metal oxides + heat (e.g., beryllium oxide, cadmium oxide, copper oxide, mercury oxide, molybdenum oxide, tin oxide, zinc oxide), nitrogen (when ignited), silicon dioxide powder + heat, polytetrafluoroethylene powder + heat. 

Many nuclear reactions result from the interaction of nuclei and neutrons. The early experiments with neutrons were carried out by use of a mixture of radon, and beryllium metal. The alpha... 

There is little information on rates of initiation in coordination polymerization. With the soluble catalyst (7r-CsHs)2TiCl2—AlMejCl for ethylene, Chien [111] reported = 4.99 x 10 1 mole s at 15°C Ei = 15.5 kcal mole ). This was determined from the rate of incorporation of C14 labelled AlMe2 Cl into the polymer. In most systems examined the initiating centres have been preformed and reaction starts immediately. This is the case with Natta type catalysts from transition metal subhalides with the alkyls of aluminium, beryllium and zinc. With some catalysts the rate rises rapidly to a steady value but with others there is a rapid rise to a maximum followed by a decline to a constant rate, the latter being... 

The adopted enthalpy of formation is supported by measurements (H.) of the reaction PbFgCcr) + Be(cr) = BeF2(cr) + Pb(cr) from which the enthalpy of formation of BeF Cor) agrees with that from the direct fluorlnation of beryllium metal if the adopted value for AjH CPbEg, o, 298.15 K) is used. 

The members of Division B differ from the alkaline earth metals by being more easily reduced to the metallic state all the elements are stable in the air at ordinary temperatures, except beryllium, which is slowly oxidized in moist air the ease of reaction with steam decreases with increased atomic weight. 

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