Berge

J. C. Berg, Absorbency, Elsevier Science, Amsterdam, 1985, Chapter V, pp. 149-195. 

Most LB-forming amphiphiles have hydrophobic tails, leaving a very hydrophobic surface. In order to introduce polarity to the final surface, one needs to incorporate bipolar components that would not normally form LB films on their own. Berg and co-workers have partly surmounted this problem with two- and three-component mixtures of fatty acids, amines, and bipolar alcohols [175, 176]. Interestingly, the type of deposition depends on the contact angle of the substrate, and, thus, when relatively polar monolayers are formed, they are deposited as Z-type multilayers. Phase-separated LB films of hydrocarbon-fluorocarbon mixtures provide selective adsorption sites for macromolecules, due to the formation of a step site at the domain boundary [177]. 

Harris A L, Berg M and Harris C B 1986 Studies of chemical reactivity in the condensed phase. I. The dynamics of iodine photodissociation and recombination on a picosecond time scale and comparison to theories for chemical reactions in solution J. Chem. Phys. 84 788... 

Strickler S J and Berg R A 1962 Relationship between absorption intensity and fluorescence lifetime of molecules J. Chem. Phys. 37 814-22... 

Vanden Bout D and Berg M 1995 Ultrafast Raman echo experiments in liquids J. Raman Spectrosc. 26 503-11... 

Muller L J, Vanden Bout D and Berg M 1993 Broadening of vibrational lines by attractive forces ultrafast Raman echo experiments in a CH2l CDCl2 mixture J. Chem. Phys. 99 810-19... 

Vanden Bout D, Fretas J E and Berg M 1994 Rapid, homogeneous vibrational dephasing in ethanol at low temperatures determined by Raman echo measurements Chem. Phys. Lett. 229 87-92... 

Kang T J, Yu J and Berg M 1990 Rapid solvation of a nonpolar solute measured by ultrafast transient hole burning Chem. Phys. Lett. 174 476-80... 

Yu J and Berg M 1992 Solvent-electronic state interactions measured from the glassy to the liquid state. I. Ultrafast transient and permanent hole burning in glycerol J. Chem. Phys. 96 8741-9... 

Ma J, Bout D V and Berg M 1995 Solvation dynamics studied by ultrafast transient hole burning J. Moi. Liq. 65/66 301-4... 

Berg M and Vanden Bout D A 1997 Ultrafast Raman echo measurements of vibrational dephasing and the nature of solvent-solute interactions Acc. Chem. Res. 30 65-71... 

Markwalder B, Gozel P and van den Berg H 1992 Temperature-jump measurements on the kinetics of association and dissociation in weakly bound systems N2O4 + M = NO2 + NO2 + M J. Chem. Phys. 

Berg B A and Neuhaus T 1992 Multicanonical ensemble—a new approach to simulate Ist-order phase transitions Phys. Rev.L 68 9-12... 

Berg C, Beyer M, Achatz U, Joes S, Niedner-Schatteburg G and Bondybey V 1998 Effect of charge upon metal cluster chemistry reactions of Nb and Rh anions and cations with benzene J. Chem. Rhys. 108 5398... 

Berge P, Pomeau Y and Vidal C 1984 Order within Chaos Towards a Deterministio Approaoh to Turbuienoe (New York Wiley)... 

L. Rhenus, Rhine) Discovery of rhenium is generally attributed to Noddack, Tacke, and Berg, who announced in 1925 they had detected the element in platinum ore and columbite. They also found the element in gadolinite and molybdenite. By working up 660 kg of molybdenite in 1928 they were able to extract 1 g of rhenium. 

Studies of micellar catalysis of himolecular reactions of uncharged substrates have not been frequent" ". Dougherty and Berg performed a detailed analysis of the kinetics of the reaction of 1-fluoro-2,4-dinitrobenzene with aniline in the presence of anionic and nonionic surfactants. Micelles induce increases in the apparent rate constant of this reaction. In contrast, the second-order rate constant for reaction in the micellar pseudophase was observed to be roughly equal to, or even lower than the rate constant in water. 

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