Benzyltrimethylammonium chloride catalyst

Where reactivity is low, as for example with non-activatcd haloarenes, soliddiquid conditions are to be preferred over liquid liquid conditions and better yields are frequently obtained when TDA-1 is used as the catalyst instead of a quaternary ammonium salt [28]. Although not activated to nucleophilic attack, 2-chlorophenol reacts with ethanol under solid liquid conditions with microwave irradiation in the presence of benzyltrimethylammonium chloride to produce the ether in 70% yield [44], It is possible that the procedure has potential for further exploitation. 

The use of mixtures of sodium hydroxide and benzyltrimethylammonium chloride or tetrabutylammonium bromide failed to enhance the DPGE alkylation of HEC by the in situ formation of the corresponding quaternary ammonium hydroxide phase transfer catalyst. These quaternary ammonium halides are too soluble in aqueous /-butyl alcohol and are preferentially extracted into the organic phase. Mixtures of benzyltrimethylammonium hydroxide and sodium acetate were also ineffective in enhancing the DPGE alkylation of HEC for the same reason, namely preferential solubility of benzyltrimethylammonium acetate in the organic phase. 

In the second stage, the above prepolymer is prereacted with liquid epoxide resin in the presence of benzyltrimethylammonium chloride as a catalyst. The crosslinking occurs as a result of the reaction of the remained epoxy groups with 4,4 -diamino-diphenylmethane added [90]. 

Color reactions Boric acid (hydroxyquinones). Dimethylaminobenzaldehyde (pyrroles). Ferric chloride (enols, phenols). Haloform test. Phenylhydrazine (Porter-Silber reaction). Sulfoacetic acid (Liebermann-Burchard test). Tetranitromethane (unsaturation). Condensation catalysts /3-Alanine. Ammonium acetate (formate). Ammonium nitrate. Benzyltrimethylammonium chloride. Boric acid. Boron trilluoride. Calcium hydride. Cesium fluoride. Glycine. Ion-exchange resins. Lead oxide. Lithium amide. Mercuric cyanide. 3-Methyl-l-ethyl-2-phosphoiene-l-oxlde. 3-Methyl-1-phenyi-3-phoipholene-1-oxide. Oxalic acid. Perchloric acid. Piperidine. Potaiaium r-butoxIde. Potassium fluoride. Potassium... 

PTC (phase-transfer catalyst) benzyltrimethylammonium chloride, benzyltriethyl chloride, or tetrabutylammonium chloride... 

Sodium cyanide does not dissolve in butyl bromide. The two reactants contact each other only at the surface of the solid sodium cyanide, and the rate of reaction under these conditions is too slow to be of synthetic value. Dissolving the sodium cyanide in water is of little help because butyl bromide is not soluble in water and reaction can occur only at the interface between the two phases. Adding a small amount of benzyltrimethylammonium chloride, however, causes pentanenitrile to form rapidly even at room temperature. The quaternary ammonium salt is acting as a catalyst it increases the reaction rate. How ... 

Surprisingly, almost no authors have paid attention to the fact that, in principle, the reaction can take place either on the a or on the p position of the epoxy ring. Martinez Utrilla and Olano Villen discussed this problem when studying the reaction of fatty acids with l,2-epoxy-3-hydroxypropane in the presence of various catalysts, of which benzyltrimethylammonium chloride is the most active. They showed that in some cases an interchange reaction occurs ... 

The catalyst used was benzyltrimethylammonium chloride and the solvent used were methylene chloride, chloroform and carbon tetrachloride. The results are shown in Table 3. 

One of the earliest reactions in which quaternary ammonium catalysis was recognized was in the alkylation of fatty acids with epichlorohydrin [1]. Maerker, Carmichael, and Port reported in 1961 that when stearic acid was boiled with epichlorohydrin containing benzyltrimethylammonium chloride, less than 10% ester was formed. In contrast, when the sodium salt of stearic acid was reacted under similar conditions, high yields of the glycidic ester were obtained (Eq. 6.2). In the absence of catalyst. 

Benzyl Resinate See Benzyl Abietate. Benzyltrimethylammonium Chloride n A quaternary ammonium salt, a solvent for cellulosics, and a catalyst for phenolic resins. 

Lewis acid catalyst is normally required when ammonium polyhalides are used, although recourse does not have to be made to strong acids, such as aluminium trichloride. Bromination and iodination reactions are normally conducted in acetic acid in the presence of zinc chloride [32], but chlorination using the ammonium tetrachloroiodate in acetic acid does not require the additional presence of a Lewis acid [33]. Radical chlorination of toluenes by benzyltrimethylammonium tetrachloroiodate in the presence of AIBN gives mixtures of the mono-and dichloromethylbenzenes [34], Photo-catalysed side-chain chlorination is less successful [35], Radical bromination using the tribromide with AIBN or benzoyl peroxide has also been reported [36, 37],... 

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