Benzoyl chloride hydrogen peroxide

Benzoic acid anhydride is formed by the reaction of sodium benzoate with benzoyl chloride. Dibenzoyl peroxide and peroxybenzoic acid can be prepared from the acid chloride by reaction with hydrogen peroxide (Scheme 5.9). 

Polymerization of vinyl chloride occurs through a radical chain addition mechanism, which can be achieved through bulk, suspension, or emulsion polymerization processes. Radical initiators used in vinyl chloride polymerization fall into two classes water-soluble or monomer-soluble. The water-soluble initiators, such as hydrogen peroxide and alkali metal persulfates, are used in emulsion polymerization processes where polymerization begins in the aqueous phase. Monomer-soluble initiators include peroxides, such as dilauryl and benzoyl peroxide, and azo species, such as 1,1 -azobisisobutyrate, which are shown in Fig. 22.2. These initiators are used in emulsion and bulk polymerization processes. 

By a procedure similar to that described for />-nitrobenzoyl peroxide, the following peroxides have been prepared w-nitro-benzoyl peroxide (m.p. 136-137°) in 90 per cent yield anisoyl peroxide (m.p. 126-127°) in 86-89 per cent yields -bromoben-zoyl peroxide (m.p. 144°) in 73 per cent yield and 3,4,5-tribromo-benzoyl peroxide (m.p. 186°) in 40 per cent yield.1 The procedure is not satisfactory for preparation of acetylsalicylyl peroxide, which is more conveniently prepared by action of hydrogen peroxide upon an acetone solution of the acid chloride. 

Nitrobenzoyl peroxide,2 as well as w-nitrobenzoyl peroxide2 and anisoyl peroxide,3 have been prepared in about 50 per cent yields from the acid chlorides and an acetone solution of hydrogen peroxide, in the presence of a basic substance such as pyridine, sodium acetate, or sodium hydroxide. w-Nitrobenzoyl peroxide has also been prepared by nitration of benzoyl peroxide with cold... 

Preparation of Benzoyl Peroxide.1—Hydrogen peroxide (50 c.c. of about 10 per cent aqueous solution) kept well cooled in ice and continually shaken (preferably in a glass-stoppered bottle) is treated alternately with 4 A-sodium hydroxide solution and benzoyl chloride, added each a few drops at a time the solution is maintained faintly alkaline throughout. After about 30 c.c. of alkali and 15 g. of benzoyl chloride have been used up, the hydrogen peroxide has been decomposed and the benzoyl peroxide has separated in crystalline flocks, while the odour of the chloride has almost completely disappeared. The peroxide is filtered with suction, washed with water, and dried. Yield 10-12 g. Crystallised from a little alcohol, with which it should be boiled for a short time only, the substance forms beautiful colourless prisms. Melting point 106°-108° decomp. Heat a small quantity rapidly in a dry test tube over a naked flame. An especially pure product is obtained when a 1 von Pechmann and Vanino, Ber., 1894, 27, 1510. 

Benzophenone, 46, 36 N-(2-Benzothiazolyl)urea, 46, 72 Benzoyl chloride, reaction with hydrogen fluoride, 46, 4 Benzoyl fluoride, 46, 3 Benzoylhydrazine, 46, 8S Benzoyl peroxide, reaction with diethyl ethylmalonate, 45, 37 2-Benzyl-2-carbomethoxycyclopenta-none, 45, 7... 

Scheme 18. Reagents and Conditions (i) Immobilised poly-(L)-leucine, urea hydrogen peroxide, DBU, THF, 12 h, 76%, 94% e.e. (ii) mCPBA, CH2CI2, 94%. (iii) HCl (g), CH2CI2, 66%. (iv) Amberlite IRA-420 ( OH), THF, 80%. (v) NaNj, MeOH, H20,94%. (vi) H2, Pd/C, EtOAc. (vii) NH3,MeOH. (viii) benzoyl chloride, (ix) trifluoroacetic acid, CH2CI2,74%...

The commercial product is cheap and is usually supplied moistened with approximately 25 per cent of water. Small quantities may be prepared in the laboratory from benzoyl chloride and hydrogen peroxide in the presence of alkali. 

Details are now available of the reactions of peracids and of hydrogen peroxide with the imines (10) and (11). The reactions of the product oxaziridines and nitrones with the same two oxidants were also discussed. The reactions of sodium borohydride, benzoyl chloride, and toluene-p-sulphonic acid with the hydroxy-nitrones (12) and (13) have been reported.12 The c.d. spectra of 2-substituted pyrrolidines have been compared with that of conanine (14).13... 

Solid peroxybenzoic acid is obtained by evaporation of the chloroform under reduced pressure. Better procedures for the preparation of peroxybenzoic acid are the reaction of benzoyl chloride with sodium peroxide [294] and the treatment of benzoic acid with 70% hydrogen peroxide in the presence of methanesulfonic acid [176]. Peroxybenzoic acid can also be prepared in situ from benzaldehyde and oxygen [295] or ozone [772]. 

Benzoyl disulfide has been obtained by the reaction of benzoyl chloride with hydrogen sulfide, hydrogen disulfide, hydrogen trisulfide, potassium sulfide, sodium disulfide, lead sulfide, sodium hydrosulfite, sodium thiosulfate, sulfhydrylmagnesium bromide, and thiobenzamide. It is also formed by reaction of benzoic anhydride with hydrogen sulfide. The better preparative methods involve the oxidation of thiobenzoic add by means of air,hydrogen peroxide or sulfur monochloride, or of the sodium or potassium salt by means of air, - chlorine, iodine, copper sulfate, - potassium ferricyanide, - or ferric chloride. - ... 

Some solution resins are made via solvent or solution polymerization. This technique of polymerization has been performed in many media that are solvents for monomer but not polymer. Solvents may include methyl alcohol, diethyl ether, dioxane, toluene, benzene, acetone, etc., which may be used singly or as blends. A suitable catalyst for use with methyl alcohol, for example, would be benzoyl peroxide. Hydrogen peroxide may be used with acetone. The resin is separated as a solid by filtering and/or water quenching. This method is usually used for copolymers because of the poor solubility of poly(vinyl chloride). 

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