Benzoic acid, 2- carbonyl

The above conclusion on the role of reactivity ratios on microstructure assumes the absence of rapid transesterification reactions between chains. Since such processes might also tend to randomize the microstructure, it seemed important to isolate the role of interchain transesterification. A unique experiment was designed in which a 13c labeled carbonyl in acetoxy benzoic acid monomer (B ) was reacted with the dimer of HBA-HNA. At 99% enrichment, the only resonances in the carbonyl region of the spectrum will arise from the enriched benzoic acid carbonyl. In the absence of any interchain transesterification the microstructure of the polymer would consist only of B -B dyads (see scheme 1). 

Figure 6.38 demonstrates the action of benzoic acid which, after substituting for a benzamide molecule in the lattice by H bonding, repels the next incoming benzamide molecule as it encounters an O- O repulsion due to the lone pair electrons of the benzoic acid carbonyl oxygen. The rate of growth along the c axis is thus impeded. 

Hammen equation A correlation between the structure and reactivity in the side chain derivatives of aromatic compounds. Its derivation follows from many comparisons between rate constants for various reactions and the equilibrium constants for other reactions, or other functions of molecules which can be measured (e g. the i.r. carbonyl group stretching frequency). For example the dissociation constants of a series of para substituted (O2N —, MeO —, Cl —, etc.) benzoic acids correlate with the rate constant k for the alkaline hydrolysis of para substituted benzyl chlorides. If log Kq is plotted against log k, the data fall on a straight line. Similar results are obtained for meta substituted derivatives but not for orthosubstituted derivatives. 

Fig. 12.20 4-Acetamido benzoic acid. Triangle smoothing predicts that the lower bound distance between the amide nitrogen and the carbonyl oxygen is equal to the sum of the van der Waals radii. The actual distance is about 6.4A.

Benzoic acid and naphthoic acid are formed by the oxidative carbonylation by use of Pd(OAc)2 in AcOH. t-Bu02H and allyl chloride are used as reoxidants. Addition of phenanthroline gives a favorable effect[360], Furan and thiophene are also carbonylated selectively at the 2-position[361,362]. fndole-3-carboxylic acid is prepared by the carboxylation of 1-acetylindole using Pd(OAc)2 and peroxodisulfate (Na2S208)[362aj. Benzoic acid derivatives are obtained by the reaction of benzene derivatives with sodium palladium mal-onate in refluxing AcOH[363]. 

The benzoic acid derivative 457 is formed by the carbonylation of iodoben-zene in aqueous DMF (1 1) without using a phosphine ligand at room temperature and 1 atm[311]. As optimum conditions for the technical synthesis of the anthranilic acid derivative 458, it has been found that A-acetyl protection, which has a chelating effect, is important[312]. Phase-transfer catalysis is combined with the Pd-catalyzed carbonylation of halides[3l3]. Carbonylation of 1,1-dibromoalkenes in the presence of a phase-transfer catalyst gives the gem-inal dicarboxylic acid 459. Use of a polar solvent is important[314]. Interestingly, addition of trimethylsilyl chloride (2 equiv.) increased yield of the lactone 460 remarkabiy[3l5]. Formate esters as a CO source and NaOR are used for the carbonylation of aryl iodides under a nitrogen atmosphere without using CO[316]. Chlorobenzene coordinated by Cr(CO)j is carbonylated with ethyl formate[3l7]. 

Electron delocalization in carbonyl protonated benzoic acid... 

Acetic acid (qv) can be produced synthetically (methanol carbonylation, acetaldehyde oxidation, butane/naphtha oxidation) or from natural sources (5). Oxygen is added to propylene to make acrolein, which is further oxidized to acryHc acid (see Acrylic acid and derivatives). An alternative method adds carbon monoxide and/or water to acetylene (6). Benzoic acid (qv) is made by oxidizing toluene in the presence of a cobalt catalyst (7). 

Chemical Name 3-(Acetylamino)-2,4,6-triiodo-5-[(methylamino)carbonyl] -benzoic acid Common Name —... 

Benzoic acid, 2-benzoyl-, methyl ester [606-28-0,21204-864], 63 Benzoic acid, 4-bromo- [586-76-5], 86 Benzoic acid, 4-chloro- [74-11-3], 86 Benzoic acid, 2-[(diethylamino)carbonyl]-, methyl ester [2659344-2], 63 Benzoic acid, 2,4-dimethoxy- [91-52-1 ], 31 Benzoic acid, 3,4-dimethoxy- [93-07-2], 31 Benzoic acid, 3,4-dimethyl- [619-04-5], 31 Benzoic acid, 3,5-dimethyl- [499-06-9], 86 Benzoic acid, 4-hydroxy- [99-96-7], 60 Benzoic acid, 3-methyl- [99-04-7], 86 Benzoic acid, 4-methyl- [99-94-5], 86 Benzoic acid, 2,4,6-tnmethyl- [480-63-7],... 

CN rranj -2-[[[4-[[(aminoiminomethyl)amino]methyl]cyclohexyl]carbonyl]oxy]benzoic acid phenylmethyl ester... 

CN 2-[[[4-[(2-thiazolylamino)sulfonyl]phenyl]amino]carbonyl]benzoic acid 8-hydroxychinoline salt (1 1)... 

The synthesis and characterization of tris-chelate Ir111 complexes of 2-(acetylamino)benzoic acid, 2-(benzoylamino)benzoic acid, 2-[(2-aminophenylamino)carbonyl]benzoic acid, maleanilic acid, malea-l-naphthalanilic acid, and 2-[(phenylamino)carbonyl]benzoic acid have been described.245... 

Equation 11.16 Carbonylative synthesis of benzoic acid in the presence... 

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