Benzenes physical constants

Table 2. Effect of Crosslink Density on the Maximum Retardation (at r = 1.0) Natural Rubber - Benzene (Physical constants as given in Table 1). ...

Physical Properties. Benzene, C H, toluene, C Hj-CH, and petrol (a mixture of aliphatic hydrocarbons, e.g., pentane, hexane, etc.) are colourless liquids, insoluble in and lighter than water. Benzene and toluene, which have similar odours, are not readily distinguishable chemically, and their physical constants should therefore be carefully noted benzene, m.p. 5 (solidifies when a few ml. in a dry test-tube are chilled in ice-water), b.p. 8i toluene, m.p. —93°, b.p. 110°. Petroleum has a characteristic odour. 

Table V. Physical Constants of Monoalkyl benzenes Refractive Density,...

The engine characteristics of aromatic hydrocarbons seem strongly dependent upon the nature of the side chain. The alignment of the knock resistance of the polymethyl-benzenes with structure corresponds quite closely with that found to be characteristic of the physical constants. The vicinal derivatives o-xylene, hemimellitine, and prehnitene... 

Borazine is isoelectronic with benzene, as B=N is with C=C, (Fig. 16.21). in physical properties, borazine is indeed a close analogue of benzene. The similarity of the physical properties of the alkyl-substituted derivatives of benzene and borazine is ever more remarkable. For example, the ratio of the absolute boiling points of the substituted borazines to those of similarly substituted benzene is constant. This similarity in physical properties led to a labeling of borazine as "inorganic benzene." This is a misnomer because tbe chemical properties of borazine and benzene are quite different Both compounds have aromatic rr clouds of electron density with potential for delocalization over all of the ring atoms. Due to the difference m electronegativity between boron and nitrogen, the cloud in borazine is "lumpy" because more electron... 

Composition and Structure.—The molecular weight and structure have been deduced in the usual manner from physical constants. The vapour density, as determined by Hofmann s method, varied between 7-67 and 7-88 (air = l) at temperatures between 182° and 184° C., which corresponds to a molecular weight which is represented by the formula P g.1 This agrees with the molecular weight calculated from the lowering of the freezing-point of benzene. 

Odorless monoclinic platelets or prisms from ether, mp 80.5°. bp > 360° (in inert gas), dj 1.194 dffliq) 1.075. For more physical constants see Forward et of., J. Chem. Soc. 1949, 5121. Is triboluminescent, Freely sol in ether sol in benzene, chloroform, glacial acetic acid less sol in alcohol practically insol in water. 

The quantity 7 is called the surface tension of the liquid and it is a physical constant depending on the material under consideration. It is the work required to generate unit area of surface and it is also the reversibly stored energy resulting from an increase of one unit in the surface area. The surface tension characterises the surface free energy and is expressed in [J/m ] or in [N/m]. For example, water has a surface tension 7 = 73 x 10 N/m and benzene a surface tension 7 = 29 x 10 N/m, at room temperature. 

The dependence of measured retardation with distance (r ) is shown in Fig. 9 for the systems NR-benzene and NR-o-dichlorobenzene. These data were obtained using particles of ca. lOOy radius. The theoretical curves represent the results given in Table 1. Since the physical constants used in the theory were obtained independently of the inhomogeneous swelling experiments, the agreement in Fig. 9 is quantitative and contains no adjustable parameters. It is concluded that the inhomogeneous swelling theory [7] describes correctly the deformation and stress fields about an isolated, spherical filler particle. 

Chlorobenzene(s), 3 602 6 211-225 24 275 Antoine constants, 6 215t from benzene, 3 619t, 620 chlorocarbon/chlorohydrocarbon of industrial importance, 6 227t diffusion coefficient in air at 0° C, l 70t economic aspects, 6 219-222 health and safety factors, 6 218-219 manufacture, 6 213-217 physical and thermodynamic properties, 6 214t... 

Hexaammineplatinum(IV), effective atomic number of noble gas, 7 590t Hexaaquachromium(III) ion, 6 533 Hexaaquamolybdenum(III) ion, 27 26-27 Hexaarylbiimidazolyl (HABI), piezochromic materials, 6 608 Hexabis(benzylthiomethyl)benzene, 24 180 Hexaborane(lO), physical properties of, 4 184t Hexaborane(12), 4 186 Hexabromocyclododecane, 22 467-468 formulations of, 22 460t physical properties of, 4 355t Hexabromocyclohexane, 3 602 Hexachlorobenzene, 3 602 Antoine constants, 6 215t physical and thermodynamic properties, 6 214t... 

One of the oldest and most familiar quantitative relationships for relating the structure of substituted benzene derivatives to both equilibrium constants and rate constants is the "Hammett Equation." See Louis Hammett, Physical Organic Chemistry, 184199. 

The product obtained from the high-pressure reaction of benzene has been identified as amorphous [309]. The amorphous character of the sample prevents the obtainment of the Raman spectra. Other physical-chemical properties of the reaction product are the following refractive index n = 1.75 density p = 1.39 g/cm elastic constant Bq = 80 GPa optical gap 2.5 eV. These values must to be considered only as typical values of the properties because, as described above, the reaction product is reported to change according to the... 

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