Benzene water miscibility

Solubility Slightly soluble in water miscible with alcohol, benzene, kerosene, petroleum, and olive oil. 

Colorless, mobde hquid turns yellow on standing very pungent odor refractive index 1.4437 at 20°C density 1.667 g/mL at 20°C vapors heavier than air, vapor density 4.7 (air=l) melts at -51°C bods at 69.4°C sparingly soluble in water, decomposing slowly to sulfuric and hydrochloric acids forms a hydrate S02C12 I5H2O with ice-cold water miscible with benzene, toluene, chloroform, carbon tetrachloride, and glacial acetic acid decomposed by alkalies (violent reaction occurs)... 

PCB DESORPTION. PCBs are very soluble in a number of organic solvents. Because acetone is very effective in displacing the water from the pores of the polymer, it will be used in this example of desorption. A fairly strong interaction of acetone with the styrene-divinylbenzene surface can be predicted because acetone and benzene are miscible solvents. Consequently, a small amount of acetone will desorb the PCBs because strong solvent-solute and solvent-polymer interactions override the strong solute-polymer interaction. This desorption, commonly called elution, does not occur during the adsorption process because the matrix water is a poor eluent dictated by its weak interaction with hydrophobic polymers. 

Carotenoids should be extracted from tissues as rapidly as possible. If an immediate extraction is not possible, samples should be stored below — 18°C until required. For the extraction the exactly weighed sample and the solvent are transferred into a blender, where the sample is simultaneously grinded and extracted. Since fresh tissues contain a high percentage of water, and carotenoids are lipo-soluble, the first organic solvent must be miscible with water (e.g., acetone, ethanol, methanol). After one or two extraction steps, water-immiscible solvents (e.g., diethyl ether, benzene) can be applied. Dried materials may be also extracted with water-immiscible solvents, but carotenoid recovery is usually better if the tissue is first treated with a little water and then extracted with water-miscible solvents. Prior to the extraction of fruits the addition of antioxidants [e.g.,... 

Slightly soluble in water. Volatile with steam, ether, and benzene vapors. Miscible with alcohol, benzene, ligroin, and ether.1... 

Almost insoluble in water miscible with ether, methanol, ethanol, and benzene.1... 

The assumption of forces of interaction between solvent and solute led to the century old principle that like dissolves like . In many cases the presence of similar functional groups in the molecules suffices. This rule of thumb has only limited validity since there are many examples of solutions of chemically dissimilar compounds. For example, for small molecules methanol and benzene, water and N,N-dimethylformamide, aniline and diethyl ether, and for macromolecules, polystyrene and chloroform, are completely miscible at room temperature. On the other hand, insolubility can occur in spite of similarity of the two partners. Thus, polyvinylal-cohol does not dissolve in ethanol, acetyl cellulose is insoluble in ethyl acetate, and polyacrylonitrile in acrylonitrile [12], Between these two extremes there is a whole range of possibilities where the two materials dissolve each other to a limited extent. 

Optically pure inositol intermediates are very useful for synthesising D-myo-inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate, which was found to be a second messenger. Ozaki et al [73] studied the resolution of racemic di-O-cylohexylidene-myo-inositol derivatives 17 and 18 by lipase-catalyzed esterification in organic solvents. Lipase from Candida cylindracea exclusively acetylates the hydroxyl group at C-4 or at C-5 of the D-enantiomer of 17 or 18, respectively. Around 100% e.e s of monoacetate products and unreacted starting compounds were obtained. The efficiency of the resolution is affected by the solvent, the most hydrophobic solvents ethyl ether and benzene being more effective than the water miscible solvents such as acetone, THF, and dioxane. 

The porous structure of active carbons can be characterized by various techniques adsorption of gases (Ni, Ar, Kr, CO ) [5.39] or vapors (benzene, water) [5,39] by static (volumetric or gravimetric) or dynamic methods [39] adsorption from liquid solutions of solutes with a limited solubility and of solutes that are completely miscible with the solvent in all proportions [39] gas chromatography [40] immersion calorimetry [3,41J flow microcalorimetry [42] temperature-programmed desorption [43] mercury porosimetry [36,41] transmission electron microscopy (TEM) [44] and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) [44] small-angle x-ray scattering (SAXS) [44] x-ray diffraction (XRD) [44]. 

Solubility practically insoluble in hexane freely soluble in water. Miscible with acetone, benzene, chloroform, ethanol, ethanol (95%), and ether. 

The Hammond Co. supplies an indicating form which turns from blue to red when exhausted. It is prepared by impregnating the surface of the calcium sulfate granules with 3.5-5% of anhydrous cobalt chloride. The blue cobalt salt is indifferent to aprotic solvents insoluble in water (benzene) or partially soluble in water (diethyl ether), but is leached off by water-miscible solvents, both protonic (ethanol, acetic acid) tmd aprotic (dimethylformamide, dimethyl sulfoxide, triglyme). 

Properties Colorless liquid mild odor. Bp 137.8C, fp -78.9C, d 0.812-0.819 (20/20C), wt/gal (20C) 6.9 lbs, flash p 123F (50.5C) (OC). Autoign temp 572F (300C). Slightly soluble in water miscible with alcohol, benzene, and ether. Combustible. 

Properties Water-white, mobile hquid pungent, suffocating odor. Turns to a pale-yellow color in contact with light and air. A lachrymator. D 0.8531 (20/20C), bp 102C, flash p 55F (12.7C), fp -69C, vap press 30 mm Hg (20C). Very soluble in water miscible with all proportions with alcohol, ether, benzene, toluene, kerosene, gasoline, solvent naphtha. 

Properties Colorless, syrupy liquid practically odorless sweetish taste. Bp 245.0C, fp -80C, d 1.1184 (20/20C), wt/gal9.35 (15C),refr index 1.446 (25C), surface tension 48.5 dynes/cm (25C), viscosity 0.30 cP (25C), vap press 0.01 mm Hg (30C), flash p 255F (123.9C), autoign temp 444F (228.9C). Extremely hygroscopic. Noncorrosive. Powers freezing point of water miscible with water, ethanol, acetone, ether, ethylene glycol immiscible with benzene, toluene, carbon tetrachloride.. Combustible. 

Properties Colorless liquid. D 0.8559 (20/4C), fp -63C, bp 231C, refr index 1.4883 (20C), flash p 170F (76.6C), autoign temp 840F. Insoluble in water miscible with alcohol, ether, acetone, benzene, and carbon tetrachloride. Combustible. 

Properties Water-white liquid. Distilling range 157-160C, d 0.8490 (20/20C), fp approximately —11C, flash p 110F (43.3C) (COC). Partly soluble in water miscible with alcohol, benzene, acetone. Combustible. 

Properties Colorless liquid benzene odor. D 1.0252 (20C), refr index 1.4646 (25C), bp 84.9C, fp —40C. Insoluble in water, miscible with alcohol and ether. 

Properties Colorless liquid. Bp 33-34C, fp -113C, d 0.695 (20/20C), refr index 1.4168 (20C), flash p below 20F (-6.6C) (TOC). Very slightly soluble in water miscible with acetone, alcohol, benzene, carbon tetrachloride, and kerosene. 

Properties Water-white liquid ammonia odor. D 0.921 (20/20C, bp 115.4C, fp -66C, flash p 75F (23.9C) (TOC). Forms constant-boiling mixture with 25% water and boiling at 97C. Miscible with benzene, water. 

Properties Yellow liquid. D 1.1629 (20C), fp -9.3C, bp 220.4C, refr index 1.544 (25C), flash p 223F(106C). Insoluble in water miscible with alcohol and benzene. Combustible. 

Properties Colorless liquid slight phenolic odor. Bp 191C (0.11 mm Hg), d 1.115 (20/4C), flash p 440F (226.6C) (OC). Insoluble in water miscible with acetone, alcohol, benzene, ether, and kerosene. Combustible. 

Properties Amber pellets. D 1.08, softening p 75C. Insoluble in water miscible with ethanol, acetone, benzene, monochlorobenzene, isopropyl acetate, and gasoline. 

Congealing p 21C, d 0.910-0.913 (25/25C), refr index 1.4475-1.4485 (25C), flash p 295F (146C). Almost insoluble in water miscible with alcohol, chloroform, ether, benzene, and fixed and volatile oils. Combustible. 

Organic solvents have long been used for extraction and sequential extraction, which is fractionation of a sort (Flaig et al., 1975 Schnitzer, 1978). While the direct use of organic solvents in fractionation has not been widespread, nonetheless, the technique has received some attention. For instance, the separation of hymatomelanic acid from precipitated humic acid is obtained by extraction with ethanol (Oden, 1919). Ethanol has been used to bring about fractional precipitation by addition to alkaline solutions of humic acid (Kyuma, 1964 Kumada and Kawamura, 1968). There is no reason why other water-miscible solvents such as acetone and methanol should not be used in this way. Solvents that are highly immiscible with water (e.g., hexane and benzene) do not appear to remove any substantial fraction of humic substances. These are perhaps best used to remove nonhumic substances (such as fats and waxes) prior to extraction. However, recent work by Allen and MacCarthy (personal communication) has shown that more polar water-immiscible solvents, such as methyl isobutyl ketone and diethyl ether, can be used successfully to purify and fractionate humic substances. 

Colorless or slightly yellow, flammable liquid, pleasant odor d 0.976. bp 140 5 mp 23 nff I 4512 One pari dissolves in ahoul 8 parts of water. Miscible with alcohol, benzene, chloroform, ether, acetone, glacial acetic acid LCg, (4 hrs) in rats. 1000 ppm Carpenter, J Ind Hyg. Toxicol. 31. 343 (1949). 

Heavy liquid chloroform odor sweetish taste, bp 149-150. mp +7.5. d 5 2,9035. n(J 1.6005. Sol in about 800 puts water miscible with ale, benzene, chloroform, ether, pete ether, acetone, oils. Gradually dee, acquiring a yellow color air and light accelerate the decompn. Commercial prepn is generally preserved by the addition of 3-4% ale. d 26-2.7. Keep in cell-closed containers, protected from light. iKompat. Caustic alkalies. LDW s.c. in mice 7.2 mmol/kg (Kutob, Plaa). 

Colorless, yellowish, brownish-yellow or pinkish liq phenolic odor becomes darker with age and on exposure to light. Poisonous d 1.03O-1.038. Not less than 90% by vol distils between 195-205. Soluble in about 50 parts water miscible with alcohol, benzene, ether, glycerol, petr ether also sol in solns of fixed alkali hydroxides. A soln in water is neutral to bromocresol purple. Protect from tight. 

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