Benzene fusion pressure

The values of the fusion pressures of ice, benzene and potassium, given in the following tables (p. 25), will illustrate the course of the fusion curve. ... 

Heats of fusion, AHfus, are generally expressed in kcal/mol or kJ/mol and entropies of fusion, ASlus in cal/mol-K (e.u. or entropy unit) or J/mol K. The fugacity ratio F, as discussed in Section 1.2.8, is used to calculate the supercooled liquid vapor pressure or solubility for correlation purposes. In the case of liquids such as benzene, it is 1.0. For solids it is a fraction representing the ratio of solid-to-liquid solubility or vapor pressure. 

Cyanuric triazide is insoluble in water, slightly soluble in cold alcohol, and readily soluble in acetone, benzene, chloroform, ether, and hot alcohol. It melts at 94°, and decomposes when heated above 100°. It may decompose completely without detonation if it is heated slowly, but it detonates immediately from flame or from sudden heating. The melted material dissolves TXT and other aromatic nitro compounds. Small crystals of cyanuric triazide are more sensitive than small crystals of mercury fulminate, and have exploded while being pressed into a detonator capsule. Large crystals from fusion or from recrystallization have detonated when broken by the pressure of a rubber policeman.43... 

The alkali fusion of benzene-m-disulfonic acid yields resorcinol only in the absence of water. With aqueous sodium hydroxide under pressure, phenol-m-sul-fonic acid is formed, and if the temperature is increased, phenol and decomposition products are formed, but not resorcinol. The formation of some phenol as a byproduct cannot be avoided completely. ... 

In preparations wherein the dienophile could undergo side reaction with the solvent alcohol, either benzene or toluene usually proved to be a satisfactory reaction medium lower-boiling solvents, such as ether, chloroform, or acetone, were avoided by the submitters because of the high reaction pressures developed. If the dienophile is highly reactive and not appreciably volatile below about 200°, the reaction may be successfully conducted without solvent by careful fusion of an intimate mixture of the reactants in an open vessel.6-9 Caution Such fusions should be performed in a good fume hood because of the copious evolution of sulfur dioxide. 

The melting point of benzene is found to increase from 5.50 to 5,78 C when the external pressure is increased by 100 atm. The heat of fusion of benzene is 30.48 cal. g. What is the change of volume per gram accompanying the fusion of benzene ... 

The molar heats of fusion and vaporization of benzene are 10.9 kJ/mol and 31.0 kJ/mol, respectively. Calculate the entropy changes for the solid —> liquid and liquid —> vapor transitions for benzene. At 1 atm pressure, benzene melts at 5.5°C and boils at 80.1°C. 

Colorless to yellow, oily liquid. Pyrophoric in air burns to FejOj. Dec by light to Fe/cO), and CO. mp —20". bp 103, dj° 1.46-1.52 rtg 1.453. Critical temp 285-288 critical pressure 29.6 atm. Flash pi —15. Heat capacity at constant pressure (14 ) 56.9 cal/mole/ C. Latent heat of fusion 3161 cal/mol latent heat of vaporization 9.6kcal/-mole. Heat of combustion —386.9 kcal/mole heat of formation [Fe(CO),0iq)] —182.6 kcal/mole. Practically insol in water readily sol in most organic solvents including ether, benzene, petr ether, acetone, ethyl acetate, carbon tetrachloride, carbon disulfide slightly sol in alcohol practically insol in liquid ammonia. Protect from light and air, LDM in mice, rats 2.19, 0.91 mg/1 inhalation, exposure for 30 min. (Sunderman). 

The case is similar for the enthalpy of fusion. To a large extent, it depends on the structure of the crystal that is formed. In principle, the Clausius-Clapeyron equation can be applied however, the information about the pressure dependence of the melting point is usually not available. The so-called Walden rule [13] gives at least an estimation for aromatic compounds like benzene or naphthalene ... 

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