Behavioral effects alcohol-related behaviors

Genome Screens for Alcohol-Related Phenotypes in Rodents 430 Clinical Correlations of the Pharmacogenomics of ADH and ALDH2, Alcohol Drinking Behavior, Alcoholism and the System Effects of Alcohol 431... 

This study supports the assumption that the alcohol influences the phase behavior of oil-brine-surfactant system and its effect is related to the saturation concentration in the water-phase. On the other hand, the ternary phase diagram with a constant amount of the cosolvent seems to be more valuable for selecting microemulsion formulations than the pseudo-ternary representation in which both alcohol and surfactant are varied simultaneously. 

At the beginning of this decade, Zewail and coworkers reported a fundamental work of solvation effect on a proton transfer reaction [195]. a-naphthol and n-ammonia molecules were studied in real-time for the reaction dynamics on the number of solvent molecules involved in the proton transfer reaction from alcohol towards the ammonia base. Nanosecond dynamics was observed for n=l and 2, while no evidence for proton transfer was found. For n=3 and 4, proton transfer reaction was measured at pisosecond time scale. The nanosecond dynamics appears to be related to the global cluster behavior. The idea of a critical solvation number required to onset proton transfer... 

Particularly alarming are fetal effects of alcohol and drugs on food-related odor responses in humans. Apart from the severe fetal alcohol syndrome, alcohol can affect the chemosensory behavior of a fetus. Alcohol administered to pregnant female rats impaired odor aversions and preferences in their offspring. A... 

Murabayashi coworkers (Nakajima et al., 2001, 2002) investigated the PL properties of rutile and anatase powders at room temperature in air in the absence or presence of reactants such as methanol or ethanol, with the goal of understanding the mechanisms of gas-phase photocatalytic reactions. In experiments with rutile, they observed that the PL intensity in the presence of methanol or ethanol increased linearly with the square root of UV-irradiation time, as shown in Figure 15. They also found a linear time dependence of the integrated amount of photodesorbed O2 (Nakajima et al., 2002). The time dependence of the PL intensity and the effect of O2 photodesorption were explained (as mentioned above) in terms of band bending of the powder. These results, however, were not observed for anatase powders. The authors explained that such a difference in PL behavior was related to the difference in photocatalytic activities of these alcohols. 

In the second study the same group evaluated the effects of prenatal cocaine exposure on child behavior in 506 African-American mother-child pairs (363). The mothers were identified as cocaine users and non-users during the initial prenatal visits with urine screen confirmation. Offspring behavior was assessed 6-7 years later using caregiver reports with the Achenbach Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL). Analyses stratified by sex and prenatal alcohol exposure showed that behaviors in girls without prenatal alcohol exposure but with prenatal cocaine exposure were adverse 6.5% of the unique variance in behavior was related to prenatal cocaine... 

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