Beam of rays

Bilschel, tn. tuft, bunch, cluster (Elec.) brush bundle, pencil, beam (of rays), -ent-ladung, /. (Elec.) brush discharge, buschelfdrmig, a. tuft-like, tufted, clustered. Buschholz, n. undergrowth, underwood. 

In order to measure the absorption of the beam of rays coming from the mercury vapor an ionization chamber with a thin mica window in it and containing methyliodide was set up opposite the window, F, and lead plates with holes in them were placed in the line of the beam so that only the radiation coming from the impacts of the electrons against the mercury entered the chamber with sufficient intensity to be detected. That this was the case in the actual experiments is indicated by the fact that no perceptible ionization current could be observed when the mercury pump was not running. A quadrant electrometer measured the ionization current. 

There are various ways in which the degree of polarization, p, of a beam of rays may be estimated and stated. For the present, we shall take the difference between the maximum number, n, of photons absorbed in a given time and the minimum number, n2, divided by the sum of the two,... 

Aston mastered this new approach to an extremely delicate analysis of the chemical elements and developed it with surprising accuracy. A narrow beam of positive rays was passed into an electro-magnetic field which bent the stream of ions. This deflected beam of rays was then photographed on a sensitized plate. If the stream of ions was composed of atoms of equal mass only one band of light appeared on the plate. Positive rays consisting of atoms of different masses, however, were split into an electric spectrum, the number of bands depending upon the number of isotopes. Even the relative proportion of the isotopes could be determined from the size and darkness of the bands on Aston s mass spectrograph. ... 

The intensity and penetrating power of the mercury radiation projected in the direction of motion of the electrons and also perpendicular to it have been measured by means of the ionizing effects produced inside of the ionization chamber. These experiments have been made in order to determine whether or not the beams of rays are homogeneous, and, also, to compare the penetration with that to be expected according to certain theoretical distributions of energy in the spectrum of radiation due to the impacts of electrons of given velocity. The material used to de-... 

If the regularly arranged atoms in a simple crystal are represented by the spots in I ig. 2.2 it will be apparent that there are many planes from which a beam of rays can be reflected. Some are indicated by the parallel lines. 

Equation (3.29a) contains only / hence, it enables the determination of V/, V/ = n. On the other hand, the solution to equation (3.29b) will be found by carrying integration over a thin beam of rays passing near the points x0 and x (Fig. 45). 

A beam of rays defines a three-dimensional region V, whose lateral surface is determined by curves such that their tangents coincide at each... 

When X-rays interact with a crystalline sample, nanoparticles get scattered. An initial beam of rays with a wavelength of X-0.5-5 A gives rise to secondary rays with... 

The simple theory of diffraction of x-rays by crystals developed by Lawrence Bragg is illustrated in Figures IV-2 and IV-3. He pointed out that if the beam of rays incident on a plane of atoms and the scattered beam are in the same vertical plane and at the same angle with the plane, as shown in Figure IV-2, the conditions for reinforcement are satisfied. This sort of scattering is called specular reflection — it is similar to reflection from a mirror. He then formulated the conditions for reinforcement of the beams specularly reflected from one plane of atoms and the beams specularly reflected from another plane of atoms separated from... 

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