Basic power plant

Basic Safety Principles for Nuclear Power Plants, IAEA Safety Series 75, INSAG-3, IAEA, Vienna, Austria, 1988, pp. 6—8. 

The gas turbine power plant which has revolutioni2ed aviation derives basically from the steam turbine adapted to a different working fluid. The difference is cmcial with respect to fuel because steam can be generated by any heat source, whereas the gas turbine requires a fuel that efficiently produces a very hot gas stream and is also compatible with the turbine itself. The hot gas stream results from converting chemical energy in fuel directly and continuously by combustion in compressed air. It is expanded in a turbine to produce useful work in the form of jet thmst or shaft power. 

Nuclear-physical methods ai e the basic ones in controlling environmental pollution which results from nucleai -power complexes and power plants work. Oil and gas production leads to the extraction of radio nuclides of natural origin in considerable amounts, which later spread from oil-slimes and water wastes in the neighborhoods of oil and gas producing entei prises. Similaidy, toxic and radioactive elements can pollute environment in case of mineral deposits extraction. 

Our present discussions relate only to the laboratory testing of safety-related secondary systems, as are employed in critical areas such as areas of emergency power supply and reactor power control supply etc. of a nuclear power plant (NPP) according to IEEE 344 and lEC 60980. There are other codes also but IEEE 344 is referred to more commonly. Basically, all such codes are meant for an NPP but they can be applied to other critical applications or installations that are prone to earthquakes. 

Since this study, the same basic method has been applied to other power plants such as Oyster Creek, Zion, Indian Point, and Oconee. The NRC has funded methods development in a... 

The basic requirements of a reactor are 1) fissionable material in a geometry that inhibits the escape of neutrons, 2) a high likelihood that neutron capture causes fission, 3) control of the neutron production to prevent a runaway reaction, and 4) removal of the heat generated in operation and after shutdown. The inability to completely turnoff the heat evolution when the chain reaction stops is a safety problem that distinguishes a nuclear reactor from a fossil-fuel burning power plant. 

Table 15.2 gives performance data for typical industrial type schemes using thermal power plant in a condensing steam cycle. These do not operate strictly in the simple cycle mode as varying degrees of feed heating are employed. However, overall they convey the basic cycle conditions that the industrial user would encounter and give efficiencies that can be expected. 

Basic Pumps, Power Plant Basics, Overseas Bechtel Inc. 

Nuclear power facility safety, 77 531-561 assessment of, 77 538-542 basic principles of, 77 533-536 characteristics of, 7 7 542-551 design of, 77 536-542 first barrier in, 7 7 536-537 fourth barrier in, 77 538 future of, 77 554-557 operational, 77 538 radiation exposure and health standards, 77 551-554 second barrier in, 7 7 537 third barrier in, 77 537-538 Nuclear power plants... 

Dams are individually unique stractures and dam constraction represents the largest stmctures of basic infrastructure in all nations. The construction of a dam and power plant, along with the impounding of a reservoir, creates certain social and physical changes. The total installed capacity of HP is 640 000 MW (26% of the theoretical potential), generating an estimated 2380 TWh/year in the world, producing nearly 20% of the total global supply of electricity. 

COMMENTS The advantage of using reheat is to reduce the moisture content at the exit of the low-pressure turbine and increase the net power of the Rankine power plant. The one reheat Rankine basic cycle shown in Fig. 2.13 can be expanded into more than one reheat if desired. In this fashion it is possible to use higher boiler pressure without having to increase the maximum superheater temperature above the limit of the superheater tubes. 

---