Fluid cooler systems

There is also a general failure to recognize that cooling water quality can be very dynamic. Do not, for example, make the mistake of installing a new tower, placing it into operation, and ignoring the water treatment for a few days. Some closely coupled systems with small water volumes (evaporative condensers and fluid coolers lending the best examples) can be scaled in a matter of hours. 

B. Glassman, S. Kuravi, J. Du, Y. Lin, G. Zhao, L. Chow A fluid management system for a multiple nozzle array spray cooler, AIAA Paper No. 2004-2574, 37th AIAA Thermophysics Conference, Portland, June 28-July 1, 2004. 

Employing wood chips, Cowan s drying studies indicated that the volumetric heat-transfer coefficient obtainable in a spouted bed is at least twice that in a direct-heat rotaiy diyer. By using 20- to 30-mesh Ottawa sand, fluidized and spouted beds were compared. The volumetric coefficients in the fluid bed were 4 times those obtained in a spouted bed. Mathur dried wheat continuously in a 12-in-diameter spouted bed, followed by a 9-in-diameter spouted-bed cooler. A diy-ing rate of roughly 100 Ib/h of water was obtained by using 450 K inlet air. Six hundred pounds per hour of wheat was reduced from 16 to 26 percent to 4 percent moisture. Evaporation occurred also in the cooler by using sensible heat present in the wheat. The maximum diy-ing-bed temperature was 118°F, and the overall thermal efficiency of the system was roughly 65 percent. Some aspec ts of the spouted-bed technique are covered by patent (U.S. Patent 2,786,280). 

The hot water from the bottom of the pond is pumped through a boiler, where it boils a working fluid in a Rankine power cycle, as shown in Fig. 2.31. The cooler water from the surface of the pond is used to cool the turbine exhaust vapor in the condenser. This is the same concept that is employed in the OTEC system, except that in the OTEC system the surface waters are warmer than that of the deep ocean water. 

Natural recharge of cooler ground water to high-T geothermal systems may cause changes in the composition of the fluid discharged... 

Now that the evaporator is cooler, we could increase the flow of warm process fluid to the evaporator. Thus, improving the efficiency of the condenser will increase the capacity of a refrigeration system to cool. This happens mainly by lowering the compressor discharge pressure rather than producing a colder condensed refrigerant. 

The thermal diffusion method of isotope separation has broad application to liquid-phase as well as gaseous-phase separations. The apparatus widely used for this purpose consists of a vertical tube provided with an electrically heated central wire. The gaseous or liquid mixture containing the isotopes to be separated is placed in the tube, and heated by means of the wire. In such an apparatus two effects act to separate the isotopes. Thermal diffusion tends to concentrate the heavier isotopes in the cooler outer portions of the system, while the portions near the hot wire are enriched in die lighter isotopes. At the same time, thermal convection causes the hotter fluid near the hot wire to rise, while the cooler fluid in the outer portions of the system tends to fell. The overall result of these two effects causes die heavier isotopes to collect at the bottom of the tube and the lighter at the lop, whereby both fractions may be withdrawn... 

The bath temperature can also be controlled with an immersion cooler that has been found to be practical for temperatures down to about -80°C [23]. Suggested coolant fluids are methanol [5,23] and 2-propanol [11]. High-power coolers for temperatures as low as -100°C are manufactured by FTS Systems, Inc., Stone Ridge, NY. There are many manufacturers of refrigerated baths for less demanding temperatures. 

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