Bases salifiable

Salz-ather, m. muriatic ether (old name for ethyl chloride), -ausbluhung,/. efflorescence of salt, -bad, n. salt bath. -base,/, salifiable base (old term), -bedarf, m. salt requirement. -beize, /. (Leather) salt dressing, -bergwerk, n. salt mine, salzbildend, p.a. salt-forming. 

Bonastre, J. F. (1827a). De la combinaison des huiles volatiles de girofle et de pimet de la Jamaique, avec des alcalis et autres bases salifiables. Journal de Pharmacie, 13, 464-76. 

Recherches sur la composition elementaire des bases salifiables organique Ann. Chim.y 1823, xxiv, 163-91. 

Fourcroy at first classed acids, alkalis, and alkaline earths as sels purs or sels prinUtifs true salts (formed from alkalis and earths with acids) are called sels composis. In 1795 he reserved the name sel for true salts, combinaisons des acides ou salifians avec les bases salifiables alcalines ou terreuse. Silica and alumina are called earths terres) lime, magnesia, and baryta are saline earths substances saUno-terreuses). All salts except nitrate of ammonia are incombustible. ... 

The free base can be salified so as to render it hydrosoluble. For this purpose, for example, it is dissolved in acetone and precipitated as an oxalate by the addition of a solution of oxalic acid in ethanol. Recrystallizes with ethanol. Melting point (oxalate) 159°C to 162°C. Alternatively it can be dissolved in acetone and precipitated with an acetone solution of HCI. Recrystallizes with acetone-ethanol. Melting point (chlorhydrated) 181°Cto 183°C. 

The fatty substance, separated from the salifiable bases, was dissolved in boiling alcohol. On cooling, it was obtained crystallized and very pure, and in this state it was examined. As it has not been hitherto described. .. 

I purpose to call it margarine, from the Greek word signifying pearl, because one of its characters is to have the appearance of mother of pearl, which it communicates to several of the combinations of which it forms with the salifiable bases. 

First, Lavoisier made the chemistry of salts central to his new system of chemistry, but he did not include only those salts formed with mineral acids. He lists a large number of what we would call organic acids and describes their combinations with salifiable bases, that is, salt formation. The names of many of the acids that he lists are familiar today, including acetic acid, benzoic acid, lactic acid, and oxalic acid, which form acetates, benzoates, and so on. He did not erect a border between these compounds and mineral acids and salts they were part of a unified chemistry. 

The compound atoms of acids must saturate i atom of a salifiable base (there are exceptions). 

We will study the eighteenth-century tables of chemical affinity and their historical context in more detail in part II. At this point we wish to further illuminate the distinctive type of experiments they referred to, and the systematization to which these experiments lent themselves. The core of eighteenth-century affinity tables was built by the salts, acids, alkalis, earths, metals, and alloys. Under largely the same physical conditions, especially at ordinary temperatures, salts, acids, alkalis, earths, metals, and alloys displayed a stable, reproducible pattern of chemical transformation. For example, when a salt, such as copper vitriol, common salt, or saltpeter, was mixed with certain ingredients and heated, it yielded a mineral acid. When the mineral acid obtained in this way was again mixed with calcareous earth, or another salifiable base, the original salt could be restored. Such kinds of reversible chemical transfor-... 

The third class of simple substances is that of the metals, semi-metals included. It is followed by the class of the earths, and the fifth and last class of column I is that of the alkalis. In eighteenth-century chemistry, these last three classes of column I constituted a particular taxonomic unit, that of the so-called bases of neutral salts, because the substances comprised were known to form salts with acids. This traditional unit is continued in the table. As to metals, the authors of the Methode followed the Swedish chemist Torbern Bergman and regarded, not the metals, but metal oxides (field III/c) as salifiable bases. ... 

In column V we encounter the realm of neutral or middle salts that is, of salts that eighteenth-century chemists considered combinations of acids with one of the salifiable bases—that is, metals or metal oxides, respectively, earths, or alkalis.Consequently, the column contains only one class that by and large corresponds to the class of acids in column III. The few salts formed with a metal oxide instead of an acid — field IV/c, lines 31-33 — obviously did not induce the authors of the table to introduce a separate class. 

The particular field of chemical theory and practice to which their selection of substances pertained is plainly indicated by the chemical operations connecting the substances of the table s classes. Focusing on the classes that were well-established before the Methode—Xht classes of the traditional salifiable bases (I/c-e), the acids (Ill/b), the metal oxides or metal calces (in/c), the salts (V/b-c), and the alloys (VI/c)—we find three basic types of chemical processes involved first, those in acid solutions, mainly in connection with the production or decomposition of salts second, calcination of metals and reduction of metal calces and third, the combination of metals into alloys. 

The circumstances for placing the metals before the other classes of salifiable bases in the Tableau of 1787 were addressed in chapter 5. 

Acids Conception of neutral salts Salifiable Bases ... 

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