Baselines baseline balance testing

Senn SJ (1994) Testing for baseline balance in clinical trials. Statistics in Medicine 13 1715-1726. Senn SJ (1995a) Base logic baseline balance in randomized clinical trials. Qinical Research and... 

In short, the test of baseline balance is a misuse of the significance test. The fact that it is frequently performed does not constitute a defence any more than the fact that antibiotics are commonly employed to treat viral infections proves that they are effective antivirals. And the fact that baseline tests are commonly performed without... 

Senn SJ (1994c) Testing for baseline balance in clinical trials. Statistics in Medicine 13 1715-1726. 

Senn SJ (1989) Covariate imbalance and random allocation in clinical trials [see comments]. Statistics in Medicine 8 467-475. [Comment in Statistics in Medicine 10(5) 797-799 (1991)]. Senn SJ (1994) Testing for baseline balance in clinical trials. Statistics in Medicine 13 1715-1726. Senn SJ (2000) Consensus and controversy in pharmaceutical statistics (with discussion). The Statistician 49 135-176. 

Total System Testing—This test method is a volume balance test where tests are conducted for known amounts of water. It is designed to test the total system including the laboratory handling and mixing of sample. Two procedures are outlined. One involves only the sampler under test, the other utilizes an additional sampler to measure the baseline water. 

Because the activity meter evaluates spontaneous behavior, the behavioral baseline is intrinsically variable and subject to many kinds of influence, including lighting, apparatus cleanliness, ambient temperature, noise level, and even time of day. As a consequence, particular care has to be taken to ensure constant experimental conditions to obtain reproducible results. Furthermore, when comparing different drug treatments, it is important to take advantage of the fact that several animals can be evaluated simultaneously, by distributing the different treatments in a balanced fashion over the test period, and even in the positions within the experimental apparatus or of the observation chambers in the experimental room. 

Felbamate is currently reserved for patients who are refractory to other drugs after careful consideration of the benefitrharm balance. In some countries the indication has been restricted to refractory Lennox-Gastaut syndrome. It is wise to avoid felbamate in patients with previous blood dyscrasias or autoimmune disorders, especially lupus erythematosus. Before they start to take it, patients should be informed about the potential risks and early symptoms of bone-marrow toxicity, such as bruisability, petechiae, fever of unknown origin, weakness, and fatigue. Hematology tests should be performed at baseline and during treatment, and dose escalation should be slow. 

Twenty-four subjects completed an 8-period balanced crossover study. For each subject, pharmacodynamic responses are taken at the test baseline, test 1 puff, test 4 puffs, reference baseline, reference 1 puff, and reference 4 puffs. A population model fit (Section 16.6.1.2) was conducted to describe the data. Responses at baseline were similar for both formulations, although they appeared to differ somewhat at 1 puff and 4 puffs. Overall, the profiles of the two formulations were judged as similar. 

Van Dooren and Muller investigated in great detail by factorial designs the effects of apparatus, test substance, reference material, atmosphere (152), as well as heating rate and particle size (153,159,160) on results in quantitative DSC. The former set of experimental factors are called baseline-related characteristics if the curve is described using these parameters, large standard deviations should be taken into account. A baseline equation, based on heat balance considerations, is... 

Fig. 21.23 NOx conversion of baseline Cu catalyst sample compared to samples tested after poisoning with SO3 at 200 °C, 300 °C, and 400 °C formulations [11]. Standard SCR evaluation conditions were used (30,000 h 4.5 % H20,5 % CO2, 14 % O2, 350 ppm NO, 350 ppm NH3, balance N2). Copyright SAE International. Reprinted with permission from 2(X)9-01-0898...

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