Based Design Approach

The UV radiation disinfects germs in an aqueous system, which can be operated as plug flow, continuous flow, or other modes. The killing efficiency is controlled by many factors, which can be classified into two aspects disinfection kinetics and flow dynamics. Like many other processes in both chemical and environmental engineering, the mathematical modeling of the UV disinfection can be started from simulation of distribution of flow velocity together with definition of suitable kinetic model(s). The disinfection effect in terms of survival of pathogens as a function of operational conditions such as time and dose can then be estimated. Since the mathematical models involve many unknown parameters that must be experimentally determined, they are mainly 

A computational model for wastewater disinfection was developed by Emerick et al. (28). The user can define multiple equations for UV disinfection reactions. The reaction vessel is simulated as a plug flow reactor. A similar model called BioSys was developed by Zeidan (34). 

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Unlike most static design procedures, dynamic design requires a trial and error approach. Only in the verification of shear capacities and in the design of support connections can member proportions be directly determined. For the dynamic analysis, the needed nonlinear response properties are determined from a trial section. The analysis results then indicate the adequacy of the trial section. Experience on the part of the designer will help in reducing the number of iterations. The use of simple computer based design approaches help to reduce the time required for each analysis iteration. 

The recent discovery of peptidomimetic inhibitors of the serine protease TTP-II (tripeptidyl peptidase-II) further illustrates the peptide scaffold-based design approach [72]. Specifically, relative to a known TTP-... 

One of the key challenges of the development of a task based design approach for crystallization processes is flie ability to control crystallization tasks independently from each other, which makes optimization of that particular task possible. To demonstrate the practical feasibility of the approach an experimental program has been designed and conducted. The objectives of the experimental work are as follows ... 

The experiments described in the previous chapter aim to demonstrate that the task based design approach is practically a feasible approach. Single crystallization tasks can be isolated, which makes optimization of that particular task possible. Combination of the technologies allows for the construction of a task based crystallizer in which each of the tasks can be controlled independently from each other. In this chapter an example of such a crystallizer is modeled and optimized. 

The manipulated variables for the optimization are the mass flux over the membrane (J) and the ultrasound utilization rju). Figure 7 shows the optimal trajectories of the manipulated variables. The results illustrate the strength of the task based design approach. In this case a very tight constraint on the growth rate has been imposed. It can be seen how both the flux and the utilization of ultrasound work together to maximize the crystal mean size. In the initial phase the ultrasound and flux are both high to create... 

Y. L. Huang and T. F. Edgar, Knowledge-based Design Approach for the Simultaneous Minimization of Waste Generation and Energy Consumption in a Petroleum Refinery, ... 

Structure-based design approaches have been extensively explored with the aspartic protease family of enzymes. A target in antihypertension treatment, renin was among the early... 

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