Basal metabolic rate obesity

Sipilainen R, Uusitupa M, Heikkinen S, Rissanen A, Laakso M. Polymorphism of the / 3-adrenergic receptor gene affects basal metabolic rate in obese Finns. Diabetes 1997 46 77-80. 

It has been suggested that beta-blockers may predispose to obesity by reducing basal metabolic rate via beta-adrenoceptor blockade (197). Thermogenesis in response to heat and cold, meals, stress, and anxiety is also reduced by beta-adrenoceptor blockade, promoting weight gain (SEDA-16, 193). Betas-adrenoceptors have been implicated in this mechanism (198,199). Since propranolol blocks betas-receptors in vivo (200), it would be wise on theoretical grounds to avoid propranolol in obese patients nadolol is another non-selective beta-blocker that does not act on betas-adrenoceptors. 

Heinonen P, Koulu M, Pesonen U, Karvonen MK, Rissanen A, et al. 1999. Identification of a three-amino acid deletion in the a2B-adrenergic receptor that is associated with reduced basal metabolic rate in obese subjects. J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. 84 2429-33... 

Food intake, body weight homeostasis and thermogenesis (basal metabolic rate) are all closely related. Alterations in one or all of these functions can lead to an excess deposition of fat and consequently to obesity. NPY also appears to be involved in the regulation of energy intake and storage. 

Biochemically, what makes people become obese Obviously, the amount of fat an individual can store depends on the number of fat cells in the body and the amount of triacylglycerol each cell can accommodate. In obese individuals, both the number of fat cells and the size of the cells (i.e., the total storage capacity) is greater than in individuals with no history of obesity. To fdl these stores, however, an individual must eat more than required to support the basal metabolic rate and physical activity. 

The types of tumour which cause a permanent hypertension, and which may be preceded by a stage of paroxysmal hypertension, frequently simulate essential hypertension or, in the course of a prolonged development, a malignant nephrosclerosis. Alterations in the vascularity of the retina, proteinuria, and an increasing reduction of the renal functions, are the consequences. The relatively frequent occurrence of such symptoms make it necessary to take the phaeochromocytoma into consideration as a possible cause of every hypertension of long duration. It may also be the cause of a diabetes resistance to insulin and accompanied by hypertension, or the simultaneous occurrence of hypertension and an increased basal metabolic rate together with a normal radio-iodine absorption by the thyroid gland. The illness is very improbable in the obese. 

Chronic, as seen in maldevelopment or atrophy, is characterised by (i.) dwarfism, (ii.) sexual infantilism, (iii.) obesity, with lowered basal metabolic rate. The condition is profoundly modified by the fate of the thyroid gland. 

Although obesity is associated with excessive intake compared with nutrient requirement, basal metabolic rate is often higher in obese... 

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