Barley cultivation

Piffanelli P, Ramsay L, Waugh R, Benabdelmouna A, D Hont A, Hollricher K, Jorgensen JH, Schulze-Lefert P, Panstruga R. 2004. A barley cultivation-associated polymorphism conveys resistance to powdery mildew. Nature 430 887-891. 

After use, herbicides decompose slowly, and so affect cultivated plants for many years. In 1990, investigations in many regions of the USSR detected herbicides phytotoxic effects, especially among the si/m-triazine class, on different cultivars in many varied situations [13]. These sym-triazine herbicides, such as protrazin, simazin, atrazine, metazin, and prometrin, were used in different oblasts of the Ukraine, Kirgizia, Kazakhstan, Russia and Moldavia in previous years, especially on corn. Residual herbicide aftereffects led to the suppression and death of crops such as winter wheat, oats, barley, rye, potatoes, beets and sugar beets, linen, onions, watermelons and other melons, and sunflowers. 

Proteolytic enzymes Animals, including insects and other arthropods or their larval forms Dusts from barley, oats, rye, wheat or maize, or Biological washing powders and the baking, brewing, fish, silk and leather industries Research and educational laboratories, pest control and fruit cultivation The baking or flour milling industry or on farms... 

Four cereal crops have thus far been utilized for the production of recombinant proteins maize, rice, wheat and barley. It is notable that, despite the attention given to tobacco, oilseed rape and potatoes as major expression systems, the only cultivated... 

Coeliac disease probably arose around 10000 bc when humans switched from the hunter-gatherer way of life to cultivation of cereals (barley, wheat and oats). An illness... 

Grains found in pits and pyramids in Egypt indicated that barley was cultivated there more than 5000 years ago. The most ancient glyph or pictograph found for barley is dated approx 3000 BC. References to barley and... 

Erost, S., J. B. Harbome, and L. King. Identification of the flavonoids in five chemical races of cultivated barley. Hereditas 1977 85 163—168. Banerjee, M., and A. K. Sharma. Variations in DNA content. Experi-entia 1979 35 2-43. 

Ergot is the sclerotium (the form the plant assumes to pass the winter) of the fungus Claviceps purpurea, which is parasitic on cereals. Rye grass is by far the most widespread species parasitized, though wheat, barley, and other cultivated grains and wild grasses can also be affected. 

I recently calculated that in my home province of Ontario growing degree days may increase by 10 to 25 per cent by 2050 AD, with a net increase in the growing season of five to seven weeks (Hare, 1982). This would allow the penetration of typical corn belt agriculture into southern areas of Ontario. On the Canadian Prairies, now dominated by spring wheat-barley-oilseeds cultivation, winter wheat might become the dominant crop. These gains would, however, be lost if rainfall failed to make up for the increased water demands that are implied. 

A rather simplified breakdown of the total agricultural harvest of 4.2 Gt C-equivalent is outlined in Fig. 4, Half of the arable land (total 14 million km ) is cultivated for cereals wheat, rice, maize and barley make up about 90% of all grain. The known world grain harvest in 1998 amounts to 2.1 Gt. From the average grain/straw ratio of ca. 1, the world straw harvest can be estimated to be about the... 

Cereals are fruits of cultivated grasses that may be used as raw materials for production of food and feed. The major cereals are wheat, rye, barley, oats, millet, rice, sorghum, and maize. The share of cereal products in the human diet is estimated at 50-60%. 

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