Barium Acetate Hydroxide

In metallic form, barium is very reactive, reacting readily with water to release hydrogen. In aqueous solution it is present as an ion with a +2 charge. Barium acetate, chloride, hydroxide, and nitrate are water-soluble, whereas barium arsenate, chromate, duoride, oxalate, and sulfate are not. Most water-insoluble barium salts dissolve in dilute acids barium sulfate, however, requkes strong sulfuric acid. 

Barium acetate [543-80-6] Ba(C2H202)2, crystallines from an aqueous solution of acetic acid and barium carbonate or barium hydroxide. The level of hydration depends on crystallization temperature. At <24.7°C the trihydrate, density 2.02 g/mL is formed from 24.7 to 41 °C barium acetate monohydrate [5908-64-5] density 2.19 g/mL precipitates and above 41 °C the anhydrous salt, density 2.47 g/mL results. The monohydrate becomes anhydrous at 110°C. At 20°C, 76 g of the monohydrate dissolves in 100 g of water. Barium acetate is used in printing fabrics, lubricating grease, and as a catalyst for organic reactions. 

Compounds Soluble—barium nitrate, barium sulfide, barium chloride, barium hydroxide, barium acetate insoluble—barium sulfate... 

Barium acetate reagent, 0.5 M, pH 7.0 - dissolve 127.7 g barium acetate [Ba(CH3COO)2l in water and make up to 1 I. Adjust to pH 7.0 using acetic acid and/or barium hydroxide solution as appropriate. 

Barium acetate. [CAS 543-80-6], Ba(C2H302)2, white crystals, solubility 76.4 g/100 ml H20 at 26°C. formed by reaction of barium carbonate or hydroxide and acetic acid. 

Fe(C2H302)3 (aq.). Thomsen15 measured the heat of reaction of aqueous ferric sulfate with aqueous barium acetate to be 20.21. Ber-thelot5 measured the heat of reaction of aqueous ferric acetate with aqueous potassium hydroxide, and the reciprocal heats of mixing involving Fe, C2H302 , H% and Cl-. Data on the heat of dilution of aqueous ferric acetate were reported by Berthelot5... 

Ba(C2H302)2 (aq.). Thomsen15 measured the heat of reaction of aqueous barium acetate with aqueous sulfuric acid. Berthelot7-9 and Thomsen15 measured the heat of neutralization of aqueous barium hydroxide with aqueous acetic acid. The value for barium acetate at infinite dilution is obtained from those for the aqueous ions. 

Barium is a silvery-white metal that occurs in nature in many different forms called compounds. These compounds are solids and they do not burn well. Two forms of barium, barium sulfate and barium carbonate, are often found in nature as underground ore deposits. Barium is sometimes found naturally in drinking water and food. Because certain forms of barium (barium sulfate and barium carbonate) do not mix well with water, the amount of barium usually found in drinking water is of a small quantity. Other barium compounds, such as barium chloride, barium nitrate, and barium hydroxide, are manufactured from barium sulfate. Barium compounds such as barium acetate, barium carbonate, barium chloride, barium hydroxide, barium nitrate, and barium sulfide dissolve more easily in water than barium sulfate and barium carbonate. 

The health effects of the different barium compounds depend on how well the specific barium compound dissolves in water. For example, barium sulfate does not dissolve well in water and has few adverse health effects. Doctors sometimes give barium sulfate orally or by placing it directly in the rectum of patients for purposes of making x-rays of the stomach or intestines. The use of this particular barium compound in this type of medical test is not harmful to people. Barium compounds such as barium acetate, barium carbonate, barium chloride, barium hydroxide, barium nitrate, and barium sulfide that dissolve in water can cause adverse health effects. Most of what we know comes from studies in which a small number of individuals were exposed to fairly large amounts of barium for short periods. Eating or drinking very large amounts of barium compounds that dissolve in water may cause paralysis or death in a few... 

If the chromium is in solution as a chromate or dichromate, as is the case after fusion as described above, it may either be reduced to the trivalent condition and precipitated as hydroxide, or directly precipitated as an insoluble chromate. In the absence of sulphates, barium chromate is precipitated by the addition of barium acetate at the boiling-point to a solution made faintly acid -with acetic acid and containing a little alcohol. After ignition the precipitate is w eighed as barium chromate. If chlorides and sulphates are present only in small amount, the chromate may be thrown down by mercurous nitrate, the mercurous chromate then being converted by ignition to the sesqui-... 

Sodium nf-hydroxybenzenesulfonate 188 Resorcinol (100 g) and sodium hydrogen sulfite solution (d 1.32 11) are heated together for 22 h, then freed from sulfite and sulfate ions by addition of barium acetate, filtered, and concentrated to 500 ml. Addition of 85 % ethanol (11) precipitates trisodium l,3-dihydroxy-l,3,5-cyclohexanetrisulfonate (242.8 g). This salt (100 g) is dissolved in water (100 ml), treated with 50% sodium hydroxide solution (40 ml), and set aside overnight. The mixture is next neutralized with sulfuric acid, treated with hot 85 % ethanol (400 ml), filtered, and evaporated. The residue is extracted with hot 99 % ethanol. Adding ether (500 ml) affords sodium /w-hydroxybenzenesulfonate (23.55 g), which has m.p. 314° after recrystallization from ethanol. 

Radiometric Assays Traditionally, sulfonated metabolites for many small chemicals have been detected with a radiometric assay that utilizes S -labeled PAPS (Anderson and Weinshilboum, 1980 Foldes and Meek, 1973). The reaction involves incubation of the substrate, cosubstrate, and enzyme in an appropriate buffer. The incubation is terminated by the addition of barium hydroxide, barium acetate, and zinc sulfate, which cause the unreacted PAPS to precipitate out. Thus, the unprecipitated radioactivity is associated with the sulfonated product and can be quantitated with liquid scintillation counting. A variation of this assay has been developed for larger molecules such as flavonoids, where the incubation is terminated by the addition of ethyl acetate under acidic pH conditions and in the presence of an ion-pairing agent, whereby the sulfonated product can then be detected in the organic phase upon liquid-liquid phase separation (Varin et al., 1987). 

To a stirred mixture of 1.716 g 3-deoxy-L-hexonolactone, 34 mL water, 442 mg calcium hydroxide, 272 mg barium acetate monohydrate, and 170 mg hydrous ferrous sulfate was added 2 mL 30% H2O2, and an additional 2 mL 30% H2O2 was added after 45 min of... 

Most methods based on solvent extraction employ ethanol, 10-20 volumes, as described above (1). It is advisable to add sodium hydroxide to the sample since protein binding is inhibited at pH 11 (25). In the older methods based on colorimetric estimation, barium hydroxide, barium acetate, or zinc sulfate were used to improve yield and to decolorize the extract (see 26, 27). 

The sensitivity increase for some selective carbohydrates that is caused by the addition of Ba(II) is shown in Figure 3.229. While retention of the first three components remains practically the same when adding barium acetate, a slight retention decrease is observed for fructose and sucrose. At first view, this seems surprising one might suppose that the complete removal of carbonate would lead to a retention increase. However, since in this case Ba(II) has been added as acetate salt, and acetate is a stronger eluent than hydroxide, even traces of acetate in the mobile phase will result in a retention decrease. The sensitivity increase is attributed by Cataldi et al [219] to the inhibition of the gold oxide formation by alkaline-earth metals in the order Ca(ll) > Sr(II) > Ba(II) that, in turn, results in an increase of the electrocatalytic activity of the electrode. 

Calculate the molecular mass or the formula mass, as appropriate, for each of the following compounds (a) propane, CsHg, (b) lithium hydroxide, LiOH, and (c) barium acetate, Ba(C2H302)2. 

Setup Using the formula for each compound, determine the number of atoms of eadi element present A molecule of propane contains three C atoms and eight H atoms. The compounds in parts (b) and (c) are ionic and wUl therefore have formula masses rather than molecular masses. A formula unit of lithium hydroxide contains one Li atom, one O atom, and one H atom. A formula unit of barium acetate contains one Ba atom, four C atoms, six H atoms, and four O atoms. (Remember that the subscript after the parentheses means that there are two acetate ions, each of which contains two C atoms, three H atoms, and two O atoms.)... 

Di-(/)-chlorophenyl)-acetic acid has been made by the action of alcoholic potassium hydroxide on l,l-di-(/>-chlorophenyl)-2,2-dichloroethane by the action of barium hydroxide on DDT in ethylene glycol and by the condensation of chlorobenzene with glyoxylic acid. ... 

Cellobiose was prepared first by Skraup and Konig by the saponification of the octaacetate with alcoholic potassium hydroxide, and the method was improved by Pringsheim and Merkatz.3 Aqueous barium hydroxide also has been employed for the purpose, and methyl alcoholic ammonia has been used extensively for the hydrolysis of carbohydrate acetates. The method of catalytic hydrolysis with a small quantity of sodium methylate was introduced by Zemplen,i who considered the action to be due to the addition of the reagent to the ester-carbonyl groups of the sugar acetate and the decomposition of the addition compound by reaction with alcohol. The present procedure, reported by Zemplen, Gerecs, and Hadacsy, is a considerable improvement over the original method (see Note 2). 

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