Bandwidth, significance

The second widely used class of yeHow couplers is the pi val oyl a ceta n il i des (7) and related compounds bearing a fully substituted carbon adjacent to the keto group. The dyes from these couplers tend to show significantly improved light stabHity and so these couplers have been widely adopted for use in color papers as weH as many projection materials. In general, the dyes have more narrow bandwidths and less unwanted green absorptions (67). 

Figure 10 shows the dependency of the modulation index on the measurement gas cell concentration (%v/v), assuming dilution by nitrogen gas, at a pressure of 1 Bar and a temperature of 20 °C. This shows that there is a significant non-linearity in the modulation index response, particularly at higher CO2 gas concentrations in the measurement cell. As before, an optical filter bandwidth of 100 nm was assumed. 

Figure 11 plots the SNR versus filter bandwidth, at 3 levels of received optical intensity. It may be observed that the SNR is not very dependent on filter centre wavelength, but is more strongly related to the bandwidth of the optical filter. Optimum SNR is attained with an optical filter bandwidth of approximately 80-100 nm, i.e. significantly wider than the very narrow bandwidth that was found to maximise the modulation index. 

Figure 1.4 shows a significant deviation between the isolated cluster calculations and the full calculation. The situation is, however, considerably improved by the presence of the classical point charges in the QM/MM calculation. Here the whole bandwidth of chemical shielding constants is present, and correlation with the reference values is excellent. 

Because these decisions can be taken late, the basic design is changed veiy little by distribution across localities in a functional sense. This means that a distributed system can first be implemented on a single machine as a prototype. However, the performance implications can be significant, so, depending on the amount of interaction with the object and the bandwidth of the communication medium between them, architectural prototypes should be built early to validate both locality and responsibility decisions. 

One hypothesis is that an increasing maximum bandwidth inventory provides more optimization flexibility and hence better profits at the expense of higher inventories. In this case, inventories increase indeed with higher maximum bandwidth inventories, but inventory flexibility does not significantly compensate for higher capital costs and profit remains relatively stable. The opposite effect can be observed at maximum bandwidth inventories inventories are reduced overall with no significant impact on profits in the specific case. 

Due to the BSOS discussed in Section 4.3, the inversion profiles are shifted by 1.38 kHz to the left and right side, respectively (Fig. 13b). The amount of the shift compared to the bandwidth of the inversion profile is significant. To have a right position of inversion, the effect of the BSOS needs to be taken... 

Totally Symmetric Modes do NOT Contribute Significantly to the Intervalence Bandwidth... 

Figure 6.7. Temperature dependence of a hypothetical laser diode. Several modes are shown oscillating within the 2-nm bandwidth envelope of this laser the mode spacing and position change somewhat with temperature as well. Note that some longer-wave-length lasers exhibit significant increases in the bandwidth with temperature.

It should be noted that a number of experimental observations do not agree with the Bakhshiev-Mazurenko model (1) the time-dependent range of relaxational shifts of spectra is considerably wider than that described by Eq. (2.9), which may be associated with the existence of a distribution of relaxation times 89 94, (2) the bandwidth of the fluorescence spectrum varies significantly during relaxation(93) (3) substantial deviations from exponential... 

Figure 6. Valence band XPS of fresh and spent catalysts. A significant decrease in the energy gap between the 3d levels of Cu and Co and a decrease in the overall bandwidth are observed on spent catalysts. Fe 3d level decreases on spent catalysts at 0.25 < x > 0.75. Reprinted from Journal of Catalysis, 210, Mathew T., et al., 2002, 405-417 with permission from Elsevier.

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