Band-path filter

Fig. 12. The figure at the left is the schematic illustration of laser induced total internal reflection fluorescence microscopy for the single molecule detection at the liquid-liquid interface. Abbreviations ND ND filter, 1/2 1/2 plate, M mirror, L lens, C microcell, O objective (60 x), F band path filter, P pinhole, APD avalanche photodiode detector. The figure at the right shows the composition of the microcell.

A crystal of l-I was mounted on an X-ray diffractometer and cooled below 80 K using the cold-nitrogen gas-flow method [15], The intensity data were collected and the structure was analyzed. The molecular structure of l-I is shown in Fig. 8.1. Then the crystal was irradiated with 365 nm light using a high-pressure Hg lamp in combination with a band-path filter at 80 K for 2 h. The intensity data were collected under the same conditions as those before the photo-irradiation. 

Burdick and Jackson). All solutions were photolyzed to less than 5% conversion in a standard 3 ml capacity, 1-cm path length quartz cell. Samples were irradiated with a 450-Watt medium pressure, Hanovla mercury lamp focused through an appropriate band-pass filter (280 nm or 254 nm) onto the 1-cm quartz cell with the requisite solution. Test solutions could be purged with either helium or oxygen using a needle valve assembly attached to the tapered quartz cell neck. The loss of carbamate due to photolysis and the amounts of known photoproducts were determined quantitatively by GC using eicosane as an internal standard. The columns were 6 stainless steel containing Carbowax 20M on chromosorb G. 

The spectral irradiance of a typical mercury xenon lamp is shown in Figure 45. There is a characteristic high intensity mercury emission at 313 nm and a low intensity emission at 334 nm The MUV projection printing tools isolate these two lines through insertion of band-pass filter sets into the optical path, such that little or no light to the blue of 300 nm or to the red of 350 nm is transmitted to the resist surface. The transmission of a filter set of this sort for the Perkin Elmer Micralign 500 is shown in Figure 46. 

The laser light travels through the epifluorescence or side port of the microscope. A dichroic mirror reflects the laser light and passes the green fluorescence to either of the detectors. Detectors are positioned on the bottom port of the inverted microscope or the top port of the upright microscope. The choice of detector is discussed in more detail below. Broadband and band-pass filters placed in the detection path prevent residual IR from reaching either of the detectors. 

Note that parameters ft and 5 depend on signal amplifications in the utilized detectors and on the elements in the optical path (optical filter, spectral detection bands) only, while a and y are additionally influenced by relative excitation intensity. This is usually a fixed constant in wide-field microscopy but in confocal imaging laser line intensities are adjusted independently. Furthermore, note that the a factor equals 5 multiplied by y (see Appendix for further detail). 

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