Baker s cyst

Alternative diagnosis likely (ruptured Baker s cyst, —2.0... 

The knee also can be involved, with loss of cartilage, instability, and joint pain. Synovitis of the knee may cause the formation of a cyst behind the knee called a popliteal or Baker s cyst. These cysts may become painful as they get tense, or they may rupture, producing a clinical picture similar to thrombophlebitis secondary to the release of inflammatory components into the area of the calf muscle. Chronic joint pain leads to muscle atrophy, which can result in a laxity of the ligamentous structures that support the knee, causing instability. Maintenance of an adequate range of motion of the knee is essential to normal gait. 

Baker s cyst is usually asymptomatic and the patient s primary symptom is of a large mass or swelling in the posterior aspect of the knee. This bursal swelling may communicate with the knee joint space. It may be associated with osteoarthritis of the involved knee. It usually requires no treatment. Occasionally, it may require aspiration because of its size interfering with joint... 

Taylor PC, Steuer A, Gruber J et al (2004) Comparison of ultrasonographic assessment of synovitis and joint vascularity with radiographic evaluation in a randomized, placebo-controlled study of infliximab therapy in early rheumatoid arthritis. Arthitis Rheum 50 1107-1116 Terslev L, Qvistgaard E, Torp-Pedersen S et al (2001) Ultrasound and power Doppler findings in jumper s knee preliminary observations. Eur J Ultrasound 13 183-189 Torreggiani WC, Al-Ismail K, Munk PL et al (2002) The imaging spectrum of Baker s (Popliteal) cysts. Clin Radiol 57 681-691... 

Glycinoeclepin A (Scheme 10) was isolated from the dried root of the kidney bean [136,137]. It is a potent hatch-stimulating agent of the soybean cyst nematode, a devastating pest of host plants including soybean, kidney bean, and adzuki [138]. Four total syntheses of these compounds have been presented. In the first approach of Murai et al. [139,140] (Scheme 10), the key synthetic intermediate is the 7-oxanorbomane derivative 73 derived from 2,2-dimethylcyclohexa-l,3-dione via baker s yeast reduction into aldol 69. After protection as an ethoxyethyl ether. 

Fig. 14.94a,b. Baker cyst anomalous caudal extension. Patient with longstanding rheumatoid arthritis, a Longitudinal 12-5 MHz US image over the proximal medial leg with b schematic drawing correlation reveals a large base of the cyst (asterisk) extending distally between the medial head of the gastrocnemius (MHG) and the deep soleus muscle (S)... 

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