Bacteriophages distribution

NUCLEOPROTEINS AND NUCLEIC ACIDS. Nucleic adds are compounds in which phosphoric acid is combined with carbohydrates and with bases derived from purine and pyrimidine. Nucleoproteins are conjugated proteins consisting of a protein moiety and a nucleic acid. Originally, nucleoproteins were thought to occur only in the nuclei of cells, but it was later established that they are far more widely distributed, being found in cells of all types, animal and plant. They are found in the chromosomes, in the genes, in viruses, and bacteriophages. 

This enzyme is widely distributed in animal tissues, and the enzyme produced by yeast, by bacteriophage T2-infected E. coli, and by animal cells has been studied extensively. Deamination of 5-methyldeoxycytidylate and 5-hydroxy-methyldeoxycytidylate is also catalyzed by this enzyme. 

Figure 1.9, DNA distribution in a shallow CsCl gradient of A a GC-rich YAC (Yeast Artdicial Chromosome) and B of a GC-poor YAC, A and T4 bacteriophage DNAs were used as density markers. The intensities of the hybridization signals (left ordinate) and the buoyant densities (right ordinate) arc plotted against the fractions collected from the gradient. (From De Sario el al, 1995).

Fig. 31. Radial electron density distributions for the icosahedral bacteriophage fr by X-ray scattering. Curve 1 represents the intact phage in dilute buffer and shows the protein and RNA components. Curve 2 represents empty protein capsids of the phage and peaks near the outermost dimension of curve 1. Curve 3 represents the intact phage measured in 80% sucrose solution (w/v) (427 e-nm ) where the protein shell has been matched out to reveal the RNA core [77,508,513].

Highly anisotropic ID nanostructures composed of closely packed nanoparticles have been prepared using linear macromolecular or supramolecular templates such as polyelectrolytes [2, 3], carbon nanotubes [2-5], DNA [6-9], peptide nanofibrils [10, 11], tubulin [12, 13] and bacteriophage and tobacco mosaic virus rods [14, 15]. Moreover, ID arrays are produced by spontaneous alignment of nanoparticles with intrinsic electric dipoles to form anisotropic chains of metallic nanoparticles, driven by heterogeneities in the surface chemistry and polarity of the nanoparticles [16]. These methods have been recently used to obtain defined nanostructures, predominantly in many steps and not defect free, with inhomogeneous metallic nanoparticle distribution. 

Torbef has determined the maximum radii of gyration of the bacteriophages Pf, and fd to be 32 A and 33 A, respectively, and using the known hydrodynamic diameter of fd (90 10 A), he postulated a large counter-ion cloud around this virus. Studies on intact human blood cells have allowed the determination of the distribution of lipid, protein, and water across the membrane. ... 

R. W. DeBlois, K. A. Wesley, Size Concentration and Elearophoretic Mobilities of Several C-Type Encomaviruses, andT-cven Bacteriophages by the Resistive-pulse Technique, reprint available from the General Electric Corporation, Research and Development Distribution, P. O. Box 43, Building 5, Schenectady, New York 12301. Commercial information on the Nanopar analyzer is available from the same address. 

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