Bacteriophage preparation

To circumvent some of the limitations of direct immunization, phage display technology has been applied to the preparation of fully human MABs. Gene libraries of cDNA from nonimmune or immunized donor lymphocytes are expressed in bacteriophages. The bacteriophages display functional antibody fragments and can... 

The O-antigen polysaccharides of Klebsiella serotype 05 and Escherichia coli 08 were prepared by mild hydrolysis of the lipopolysaccharides. A bacteriophage enzyme hydrolyzed both polymers,3150 giving the trisaccharide /3-D-Man-(l - 2)-a-D-Man-(l -> 2)-D-Man. 

H. Miller, Methods Enzymol. 152, 145-172 (1987). Practical Aspects of Preparing Phage and Plasmid DNA Growth, Maintenance and Storage of Bacteria and Bacteriophage. ... 

The first successful attempts to study RNA evolution in vitro were carried out in the late sixties by Sol Spiegelman9 and his group at Columbia University (Spiegel-man, 1971). They made use of an RNA replicase isolated from Escherichia coli cells infected by the RNA bacteriophage QP and prepared a medium for replication by adding the four ribonucleoside triphosphates (GTP, ATP, CTP, and UTP) in a suitable buffer solution. QP RNA, when transferred into this medium, instantaneously started to replicate. Evolutionary experiments were carried out by means of the serial transfer technique (Figure 4). Materials consumed in RNA replication... 

The preparation of mRNA of yeast ubiquitin is described under Subheadings 3.3.1.-3.3.2., including (a) the transcription of yeast ubiquitin gene with the plasmid pEU3b/ubiquitin by SP6 bacteriophage RNA polymerase, and (b) the quantitation of transcribed mRNA by a fluorometer. 

A series of tetra- (141), octa- (142), and dodeca-saccharide fragments (143) of the O-specific polysaccharide (139) of S. typhimurium were prepared by partial degradation of the polysaccharide, using bacteriophage-associated endo-a-L-rhamnosidases.123,149,150 BSA conjugates of the S. typhimurium octasaccharide... 

Walsh (2003) defined biopharmaceuticals as therapeutic protein or nucleic acid preparations made by techniques involving recombinant deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) technology. Therapeutic proteins include blood clotting factors and plasminogen activators, hemopoietic factors, hormones, interferons and interleukins, and monoclonal antibodies (LeVine, 2006). Over time, the term biopharmaceutical has broadened, and, in addition to proteins and nucleic acids, now includes bacteriophages, viral and bacterial vaccines, vectors for gene therapy, and cells for cell therapy (Primrose and Twyman, 2004). Attention here focuses on proteins, since the majority of approved biopharmaceuticals are proteins. 

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