Oxidizing bacteria

Metal depositors. Metal-depositing bacteria oxidize ferrous iron (Fe ) to ferric iron (Fe ). Ferric hydroxide is the result. Some bacteria oxidize manganese and other metals. Gallionella bacteria, in particular, have been associated with the accumulation of iron oxides in tubercles. In fact, up to 90% of the dry weight of the cell mass can be iron hydroxide. These bacteria appear filamentous. The oxide accumulates along very fine tails or excretion stalks generated by these organisms. 

Smith NA, DP Kelly (1988) Isolation and physiological characterization of autotrophic sulphur bacteria oxidizing dimethyl disulphide as sole source of energy. J Gen Microbiol 134 1407-1417. 

Acetobacter bacteria oxidatively convert wine to vinegar through an aerobic fermentation of ethanol (a primary alcohol) into acetic acid (a carboxylic acid) ... 

The second type of biological process is a direct treatment process, in which bacteria oxidize the sulfur species. This oxidative desulfurization reaction is carried out in the presence of an electron acceptor (such as nitrate, NOs ), a source of carbon (such as carbon dioxide or I ICO, ), and a source of reduced nitrogen (such as ammonia). The... 

The importance of bacteria in mediating Mn(II) oxidation in certain environments is evident. But, the mechanisms whereby bacteria oxidize Mn(II) are poorly understood. Some bacteria synthesize proteins or other materials that enhance the rate of Mn(II) oxidation (.52). Other strains of bacteria require oxidized manganese to oxidize Mn(II) (53), suggesting that they may catalyse the oxidation of Mn(II) on the manganese oxide surface. Other bacteria may catalyse the oxidation of Mn(II) on iron oxide surfaces, as iron is associated with manganese deposits on bacteria collected in the eastern subtropical North Pacific (54). 

For in situ metal bioprecipitation (ISBP), sulphate-reducing bacteria are provided with electron donors such as molasses, lactate, HRC (Koenigsberg et al., 2002), MRC (Koenigsberg, 2002), ethanol and/or other carbon sources. The bacteria oxidize the electron donor and transfer... 

Aerobic bacteria oxidizing Hjfo water, organic . . . / rnatter and methane to CO2, sulfide to sulfate... 

Aerobic respiration The biological process during which animals and some bacteria oxidize organic carbon to carbon dioxide to yield cellular energy. The oxidizing agent is O2. 

Chlorine dioxide is used for bleaching textdes, paper-pulp, ceUulose, leather, beeswax, ods, and fats. Other applications are in water treatment processes to kill bacteria, oxidize impurities, and control the taste and odor of water. It also is used to prepare many chlorite alts. Dilute solutions are used as antiseptics. 

Sulfor oxidizing bacteria oxidize sulfide and sulfite to sulfate. The decrease of oxygen [94,95] as well as the alteration of pH [96] can be used as indicators of these reactions. With a Thiobacillus thioparus-containing sensor, a detected limit of 4 pmol/1 sulfite is reached [94]. The detection limit of a sensor with Thiobacillus thiooxydans for sulfide is 0.02 mmol/1 only [95]. 

Petroleum as a Microbial Food Source Some microorganisms of the genera Nocardia and Pseudomonas can grow in an environment where hydrocarbons are the only food source. These bacteria oxidize straight-chain aliphatic hydrocarbons, such as octane, to their corresponding carboxylic acids ... 

Nitrifying bacteria. Two genera of soil bacteria oxidize ammonium ion to nitrite and nitrate (Eqs. 18-17 and 18-18).311... 

The other genus (i.e., Nitrobacter sp.) of bacteria oxidizes nitrite to nitrate as follows ... 

Donato, P. de, C. Mustin, J. Berthelin, and P. Marion. 1991 An infrared investigation of pellicular phases observed on pyrite by scanning electron microscopy, during its bacteria oxidation. C. R. Acad. Sci. Paris 321 (II) 241-248. 

Membranes of extremely halophilic bacteria oxidize NADH in the presence of a variety of redox dyes, including menadione [103] and DCIP [100]. The enzyme, which is located on the inner aspect of the cytoplasmic membrane [104], has been used as a marker of vesicle orientation [20]. However, a second marker should be used in conjunction with menadione reductase as there are indications that the location of the dehydrogenase may be randomized during membrane preparation [105]. A similar situation occurs with respect to the ATPase activities in Micrococcus lysodeikticus [106] and E. coli [75,107] as well as the NADH and succinate dehydrogenases from E. co/f [75,108]. The orientation of the NADH dehydrogenase in the case of H. saccharovorum does not correspond... 

Some Fe(III)-reducing bacteria oxidize organic pollutants (Anderson et al., 1998 Heider et al., 1999 Lovley, 2000a Lovley and Anderson, 2000 Gibson and Harwood, 2002). 

Nitrification is an aerobic microbial process by which specialized bacteria oxidize ammonium to nitrite and then to nitrate. Nitrification is a very important part of the nitrogen cycle, because for most plants nitrate is... 

Nitrification—The process by which Nitro-somonas bacteria oxidize ammonium to nitrite which is then oxidized by Nitrobacter to nitrate. 

---