Bacteria Lactobacillus casei

Lactic acid bacteria Lactobacillus casei Shirota [30 L. acidophilus CK92 and L. helveticus CK60 [7] Bifidobactehum lactis Bb-12 [7] ... 

The ATP formation in response to a fast pH increase was detected in membrane-bound H ATPases obtained from different biomembranes membrane-wall fragments from Staphylococcus aureus (Fig. 25(B)) which did not contain endogenous substrates and were permeable for ions [183], membrane fragments from Micrococcus lisodecticus [184], and membrane fragments from bacteria Lactobacillus casei which possess no ETCs [185]. For all these preparations, a fast acid-base pH-jump in the suspension of membrane fragments leads to the ATP synthesis, while for the pH-jumps of the opposite sign (a pH decrease) there was no ATP formation. 

Bees and ants are not the only critters that attack using acid. Bacteria, such as those found in plaque, do, too. Saliva usually keeps the mouth at a pH of about 6.8. Any pH of 6.0 or higher does not cause the teeth any problems. Plaque, a bacteria-containing film that builds up on teeth, can cause that pH to plummet. That is because it contains bacteria such as Streptococcus mutans, Lactobacillus casei, and Lactobacillus acidophilus that feed on sugars and make lactic acid. These conditions can lower the pH in the mouth to 5.5 or less. 

Hensel, R., Mayr, R., Stetter, K. 0. and Kandler, O. 1977. Comparative studies of lactic acid dehydrogenase in lactic acid bacteria. I. Purification and kinetics of the allosteric L-lactic acid dehydrogenase from Lactobacillus casei spp. casei and, Lactobacillus curvatus. Arch. Microbiol 112, 81-93. 

Diacetyl reductase (acetoin dehydrogenase, 1.1.1.5) is widespread in bacteria (207, 208, 219, 220, 221), including the species (Streptococcus diacetilactis, Lactobacillus casei) used to prepare cultured dairy products. Mutants lacking diacetyl reductase also fail to synthesize diacetyl (222). The enzyme has been purified 30-fold from L. casei (223). The activity was not fully separable from an NADH oxidase activity, and the enzyme appeared to be a flavoprotein. Maximum activity was at pH 4.5. The NADH oxidase activity is associated with diacetyl reductase in other sources. 

As reviewed in detail by Rosenberg and Godwin (R18), folate absorption has been measured by three basically different methods (1) measurement of rises in blood folate after an oral dose, (2) measurement of folate compounds in urine after an oral dose, and (3) administration of isotopically labeled folate by mouth followed by measurement of isotope appearing in plasma and excreted in urine and feees. Folate in plasma and urine is assayed with bacteria, usually strains of Lactobacillus casei or Streptococcus faecalis, which require folate for growth. They differ somewhat in the forms of folate they can utilize, but in general these microbiological assays measure unconjugated folate in either their reduced or unreduced forms. 

Probiotics may consist of a single strain or a mixture of several strains. Most common are lactic acid bacteria from the Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium genera. Species of bacteria and yeasts used as probiotics include Bifidobacterium bifidum, B. breve, Lactobacillus casei, L. acidophilus, Saccharomyces boulardii, and Bacillus coagulan, among others (Champagne et al., 2005). 

FA pterins excepted, nothing is known about pterins in bacteria. Xanthine oxidase is present in Lactobacillus casei (Villela et d., 1955) and Micrococcus lactilyticus (Whitely and Ordal, 1956). 

Chen et al. (2010) engineered probiotic Lactobacillus casei to express human lacto-ferrin to protect the host against pathogenic E. coli infection. The engineered probiotic bacteria orally administered to the infected mice reduced the growth of pathogenic bacteria in the duodenal fluid. 

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