Bacteria defence against infection

Interferons are a group of pleiotropic cytokines with important proinflammatory functions required in defence against infections with bacteria, viruses and multicellular parasites along with fundamental functions in other processes such as cancer immuno-surveiUance, immune homeostasis and immunosuppression [209]. IFNs are classified into type I and type II IFNs [210]. Type I IFNs comprise multiple alpha IFNs (IFN-a), and single IFN-, -e, -k, - and -oo subtypes, all encoded by different genes. Type IIIFN consists of a single IFN-y gene. 

A second t) e of white cell, the pol5unorphonuclear leukocyte (PMNL) is more common than the macrophage and makes up 60% of all white blood cells. These cells are attracted to sites of infection by the chemicals that are released by invading bacteria. Special cells, known as B l3unpho-cytes, produce antibodies that are chemicals that can attach themselves to the surface of various germs thus rendering them ineffective, but any particular antibody can only bind to one bacterium. T cytoxic (killer) cells can kill cells directly. They attacked cells filled with viruses before the virus can reproduce and are involved in the defence of the body against cancer cells. 

ABSTRACT Neutrophil granulocytes play an important role in the human immune defence. One of their weapons against bacteria and fungi is the release of Neutrophil Extracellular Traps (NETs) which form in great amounts a biofilm. Electrical Impedance Spectroscopy (EIS) enables the examination of the NET-formation to determine the reaction parameters and to investigate the state of wound inflammation. In this work we analyze the behaviour of neutrophils in vitro and develop an empiric model of the states of NET-formation. This model can be used to develop a wound sensor which monitors the NET-formation caused by an infection in vivo. 

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