Baclofen mechanism

Pharmacology The precise mechanism of action is not known. Baclofen can inhibit mono- and polysynaptic reflexes at the spinal level, possibly by hyperpolarization of afferent terminals, although actions at supraspinal sites also may contribute to its clinical effect. Baclofen has CNS-depressant properties. 

Hence, intrathecal baclofen offers a means of treating certain patients with severe spasticity who have not responded to more conventional means of treatment including oral baclofen. Additional research will help determine optimal ways that this intervention can be used to decrease spasticity. Further improvements in the technologic and mechanical aspects of intrathecal delivery, including better pumps and catheter systems, will also make this a safer and more practical method of treating these patients. 

INSULIN MUSCLE RELAXANTS -BACLOFEN 1 hypoglycaemic effect of insulin Due to these drugs causing hyperglycaemia, the mechanism being uncertain at present t doses of insulin are often required for adequate glycaemic control... 

Muscle relaxation is caused by various mechanisms, such as depression of ACh synthesis (e.g, hemicholinium), storage (vesamicol) and release (magnesium, botulinum toxin) and depression of muscle activity by drugs such as dantrolene and baclofen,... 

Receptor subtypes for these transmitters many of which use relatively slow second messenger mechanisms are present in the glomerular layer. GABAg receptors are located in the glomerular layer and nowhere else in the MOB (Bowery et al. 1987). Topical application of baclofen inhibits the field potential response to ON stimulation and inhibits mitral cell responses to nerve stimulation in olfactory bulb slices in the rat (Nickell et al. 1994). This supports the idea that GABAg reeeptors are involved in the regulation of transmission from the olfactory nerve to mitral and tufted cells. 

GABAg receptors and 5-HTj receptors share the same potassium ion channel, with a G protein involved in the coupling mechanism. The spasmolytic drug baclofen is an activator of GABAg receptors in the spinal cord. The anxiolytic drug buspirone may act as a partial agonist at brain 5-HTj receptors. The answer is (C). 

Mechanism of action The spasmolytic drugs act by several mechanisms. Three of the drugs act in the spinal cord. Diazepam facilitates GABA-mediated presynaptic inhibition, and baclofen acts as a GABAg agonist. Tizanidine, an imidazoline related to clonidine, reinforces both presynaptic and postsynaptic inhibition in the cord. All three drugs reduce the tonic output of the primary spinal motoneurons. 

Gut and liver catechol-O-methyltransferase Postganglionic sympathetic nerve terminals Preganglionic S3Tnpathetic nerve terminals Vascular smooth muscle cell receptors A semiconscious patient in the intensive care unit is being artificially ventilated. Random spontaneous respiratory movements are rendering the mechanical ventilation ineffective. A useful dmg to reduce the patient s ineffective spontaneous respiratory activity is (A) Baclofen Dantrolene Pancuronium Pyridostigmine Succinylcholine... 

Various drugs have been used to treat muscle spasm. Most compounds in this group act as simple sedative-hypnotic agents and produce skeletal muscle relaxation indirectly. The drugs commonly used as skeletal muscle relaxants are listed in Table 11-53. Carisoprodol (Soma ) and baclofen have been abused as recreational drugs. I. Mechanism of toxicity... 

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