B cell leukemia

Ricin [9009-86-3 ], a phytotoxin found in the seeds of the castor oil plant Ricinns communis, conjugated to murine monoclonal antibody (Immunogen Corp.), has been approved by the U.S. Food and Dmg Administration (FDA) for the treatment of patients with B-cell leukemia and lymphoma (59). 

Fig. 6.9. Peripheral blood cells from a normal volunteer, a patient receiving chemotherapy, and a patient with B-cell leukemia. Normal cells appear as a tight cluster of lymphocytes with a diffuse group of monocytes on their shoulder possessing brighter FSC and SSC and a large cluster of cells with high SSC (neutrophils). The patient receiving chemotherapy has clusters in similar positions, but with far fewer lymphocytes that merge at their top end into the monocytes. The leukemic patient s cells are almost exclusively lymphocytes, which have slightly lower FSC than normal cells. Data files were provided by Marc Langweiler and Sharon Rich.

Yang-Feng TL, Francke U, Ullrich A. Gene for human insulin receptor localization to site on chromosome 19 involved in pre-B-cell leukemia. Science 1985 228(4700) 728-731. 

Genasense (oblimersen Antisense Late-stage phase 3 in Inhibitor of B-cell leukemia/ Malignant melanoma... 

Konig A, Wrazel L, Warrell RP et al (1997) Comparative activity of melarsoprol and arsenic trioxide in chronic B- cell leukemia lines. Blood 90 562-570... 

Antibiotic inhibitors of transcription Section 28,1.9 Burkitt lymphoma and B-cell leukemia Section 28,2.6... 

Severe reactions to rituximab are rare, but are seen in patients with bulky tumors or with leukemic involvement with high numbers of CD20 positive cells (6,7) and were ascribed to a rapid tumor lysis syndrome (6,8,9). In 11 patients with mahgnant B cell leukemia, first-dose reactions were significantly more severe in patients whose basehne lymphocyte count was higher than 50 X 10 /1 and were also associated with raised peak serum concentrations of tumor necrosis factor aha and interleukin-6 (10). 

Recent work by our laboratories, for instance, has resulted in an efficacious inhibitor of LYP PTPN22) [15], which is implicated in various autoimmune diseases (reviewed in ref 6) and recently was found overexpressed in B cell leukemia [16]. Most of the methods we describe in this chapter have been utilized to evaluate our LYP inhibitor [15], and we recommend this study for further reading. 

Huang JC, Finn WG, Goolsby CL, et al. CD5- small B-cell leukemias are rarely classifiable as chronic lymphocytic leukemia. Am J Clin Pathol. 1999 111(1) 123-130. 

Baldini L, Eracchiolla NS, Cro LM, et al. Erequent p53 gene involvement in splenic B-cell leukemia/lymphomas of possible marginal zone origin. Blood. 1994 84(l) 270-278. 

Human PBX1 was first identified by analysis of the t(l 19) breakpoint present in one quarter of pediatric pre-B cell leukemias (Kamps et al., 1990 Nourse et al., 1990). The translocation results in a fusion protein whose N-terminus bears the strong transcriptional activation domain encoded by E2A. A number of studies have documented the increased transactivation potential of E2A-PBX (Van Dijk et al., 1993 LeBrun and Cleary, 1994 Lu et al., 1994 Monica et al., 1994 Phelan et al., 1995), and proven that this is essential for E2A-PBX-mediated transformation... 

The mitochondria then summarize this information to make a yes or no decision (Fig. 3b). When there are only a few activated Bax and Bak molecules, they can be sequestered by binding to B cell leukemia X long form (Bc1-Xl) and myeloid cell leukemia-1 (Mcl-l) leaving the outer mitochondrial membrane intact so that the cell can live (Finucane et al. 1999) (Fig. 3b). In contrast, when there are too many... 

Kovar M, Mrkvan T, Strohalm J, Etrych T, Ulbrich K, Stastny M, Rihova B. HPMA copol3uner-bound doxorubicin targeted to tumor-specific antigen of BCLl mouse B cell leukemia. J Cont Rel 2003 92 315-330. 

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